Structural control of a grandstand using a semi‐active pressurized tuned liquid column damper considering effects of passive crowds

Abstract

Summary Varying passive crowds can cause considerable changes in the dynamic properties of civil structures, such as sport venues. The effectiveness of passive control systems for the reduction of vibrations in these structures is limited as the dynamic properties of the structure change depending on the occupancy level and postures. Hence, a semi‐active system is proposed for reducing structural vibrations regardless of the off‐tuning due to passive crowd effects. This paper describes the experimental implementation of a semi‐active control strategy for a pressurized tuned liquid column damper (PTLCD) on a grandstand‐type steel structure. Additionally, an analytical model is proposed for the human–structure–damper system, and numerical results are compared with those obtained experimentally. Only the effects of passive anthropic behavior were considered, and results show that individuals, when sitting, produce more damping in the main structure than when they are standing. Overall, the semi‐active PTLCD had a satisfactory performance for the different configurations considered, achieving reductions in peak and root mean square acceleration of up to 74% and 57% with respect to the grandstand without the control system.

Real‐time hybrid simulations including rocking effects: The case of a frame‐structure with unbounded elastomeric isolators

“…This optimization was carried out using Matlab's fmincon function with the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm, as detailed in reference. 32 The mechanical properties of the LINSE specimens including the complementary force term are presented in Figure 10, where it can be observed a satisfactory approximation in comparison with DiST prototypes. Also, in Figure 11, it is shown a sample of the hysteresis behavior of the RTHS with the complementary term for the Ar3.…”

“…In this case, a H ∞ controller was employed, which is detailed in previous works. [32][33][34] This controller was designed using the hinfstruc Matlab function, where the optimization was developed for minimizing the error signal, e h ðtÞ, the control signal, v h ðtÞ, and the operational control signal, q h ðtÞ. Figure 13 shows the frequency response of the HTS transfer function, T HTS , which is calculated numerically using the measured and analytical isolator displacements.…”

“…The parameters of the extended Bouc–Wen model were identified using nonlinear optimization for experimental matching under reference shear tests, which are presented in Table 1. This optimization was carried out using Matlab's fmincon function with the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm, as detailed in reference 32 . The mechanical properties of the LINSE specimens including the complementary force term are presented in Figure 10, where it can be observed a satisfactory approximation in comparison with DiST prototypes.…”

Real-Time Hybrid Simulation of a Structure With Circular Fiber Reinforced Isolators

“…Nevertheless, the adequate tracking characteristics (amplitude and angle phase) of the horizontal transfer system were achieved using an optimal control technique in the external loop. In this case, a controller was employed, which Riascos et al in [26][27][28] designed using the hinfstruc Matlab function, where the optimization was developed for minimizing the error signal, , and the operational voltage signal, . On the other hand, the vertical control force consists of three components.…”

Analytical, Numerical and Experimental Study of an Enhanced Nonlinear Energy Sink

“…The passive control technique is widely used because of its simple structure, low cost, and easy realization [3]. Among them, linear absorbers are most commonly researched and used in engineering fields, such as tuned mass dampers [4] and tuned liquid damping [5]. The resonance peak was reduced by linear absorbers, significantly.…”