Structural color generation: from layered thin films to optical metasurfaces

Wang, Danyan; Liu, Zeyang; Wang, Haozhu; Li, Moxin; Guo, L. Jay; Zhang, Cheng

doi:10.1515/nanoph-2022-0063

Cited by 45 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 336 publications

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“…Figure f displays the colors produced by the three arrangements, and their reflection spectra are shown in Figure S8. Their positions in the CIE color space are marked in Figure S4 after calculation …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their positions in the CIE color space are marked in Figure S4 after calculation. 42 The morphology of MCS can be influenced not only by variations in the BA phase and pulse energy but also by changes in the etching time. 37 Five modified arrays were fabricated using the laser parameters (4 μJ, 2.47°), and the modified samples were etched with an HF solution for 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 min.…”

Section: Adjustment Of Tir Structural Colormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-Pixel-Adjustable Structural Color Fabricated Using a Spatially Modulated Femtosecond Laser

Liu,

Jiang,

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Structural colors provide a highly stable and ecofriendly dyeing mechanism. The ability to adjust structural colors by a single pixel enhances their flexibility and application range. However, achieving single-pixel control and dynamic adjustment of structural colors remain a challenge yet. In this study, we propose a coloring method involving microcurve surfaces fabricated using a spatially modulated femtosecond laser hybrid technology, which combines spatially modulated femtosecond laser-assisted wet etching and molding. The fabricated microcurve surface exhibits bright colors under white light irradiation, and the color of each pixel can be adjusted independently by changing the morphology of the modified region inside fused silica using a femtosecond laser. With the high flexibility of femtosecond laser fabrication, color lightness can be accurately controlled through the quantitative adjustment of the arrangement of microcurve surfaces in an array, and various color patterns can be fabricated through the programmable arrangement of different microcurve surfaces. Additionally, the color exhibits strong dynamic characteristics, that is, different colors correspond to different external forces.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adjustment Of Tir Structural Colormentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Pixel-Adjustable Structural Color Fabricated Using a Spatially Modulated Femtosecond Laser

Liu,

Jiang,

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…In addition, metasurface optical elements can be further employed to replace other types of conventional optical elements in AR display systems, such as wave plates, 266 , 267 polarizers, 268 – 270 beam splitters, 271 – 273 and color filters 274 – 277 For example, metasurface-based color filters have been utilized to enhance the resolution of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays to more than 10,000 pixels per inch (ppi), which could provide new possibilities for ultrahigh-resolution AR display 278 . Metasurface optical elements have also been demonstrated to be compatible with curved surfaces, such as eyeglasses, and have been combined with freeform optics to leverage the advantages of both 279 .…”

Section: Challenges and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metasurface-enabled augmented reality display: a review

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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.Augmented reality (AR) display, which superimposes virtual images on ambient scene, can visually blend the physical world and the digital world and thus opens a new vista for human–machine interaction. AR display is considered as one of the next-generation display technologies and has been drawing huge attention from both academia and industry. Current AR display systems operate based on a combination of various refractive, reflective, and diffractive optical elements, such as lenses, prisms, mirrors, and gratings. Constrained by the underlying physical mechanisms, these conventional elements only provide limited light-field modulation capability and suffer from issues such as bulky volume and considerable dispersion, resulting in large size, severe chromatic aberration, and narrow field of view of the composed AR display system. Recent years have witnessed the emerging of a new type of optical elements—metasurfaces, which are planar arrays of subwavelength electromagnetic structures that feature an ultracompact footprint and flexible light-field modulation capability, and are widely believed to be an enabling tool for overcoming the limitations faced by current AR displays. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review on the recent development of metasurface-enabled AR display technology. We first familiarize readers with the fundamentals of AR display, covering its basic working principle, existing conventional-optics-based solutions, as well as the associated pros and cons. We then introduce the concept of optical metasurfaces, emphasizing typical operating mechanisms, and representative phase modulation methods. We elaborate on three kinds of metasurface devices, namely, metalenses, metacouplers, and metaholograms, which have empowered different forms of AR displays. Their physical principles, device designs, and the performance improvement of the associated AR displays are explained in details. In the end, we discuss the existing challenges of metasurface optics for AR display applications and provide our perspective on future research endeavors.

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“…These exquisite demonstrations inspired researchers to explore the feasibility of this method for generating fade‐free and environment‐friendly colors instead of bleaching dyes and toxic pigments. [ 3 ] Earlier works on plasmonic color generation were performed utilizing different fabrication methods [ 4–6 ] including electron‐beam lithography, [ 7–15 ] ion milling, [ 9,16–18 ] and nanoimprint lithography. [ 19 ] Although these approaches enable subwavelength resolution printing and dynamic tunability, they largely rely on expensive fabrication methodologies and are hardly industrially scalable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide‐Range Angle‐Sensitive Plasmonic Color Printing on Lossy‐Resonator Substrates

Chowdhury,

Simon,

Nowak

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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A sustainable, lithography‐free process is demonstrated for generating non fading plasmonic colors with a prototype device that produces a wide range of vivid colors in red, green, and blue (RGB) ([0‐1], [0‐1], [0‐1]) color space from violet (0.7, 0.72, 1) to blue (0.31, 0.80, 1) and from green (0.84, 1, 0.58) to orange (1, 0.58, 0.46). The proposed color‐printing device architecture integrates a semi‐transparent random metal film (RMF) with a metal back mirror to create a lossy asymmetric Fabry‐Pérot resonator. This device geometry allows for advanced control of the observed color through the five‐degree multiplexing (Red‐Green‐Blue (RGB) color space, angle, and polarization sensitivity). An extended color palette is then obtained through photomodification process and localized heating of the RMF layer under various femtosecond laser illumination conditions at the wavelengths of 400 nm and 800 nm. Colorful design samples with total areas up to 10 mm2 and 100 µm resolution are printed on 300‐nm‐thick films to demonstrate macroscopic personalized high‐resolution color generation. The proposed printing approach can be extended to other applications including laser marking, anti‐counterfeiting, and chromo‐encryption.

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Structural color generation: from layered thin films to optical metasurfaces

Cited by 45 publications

References 336 publications

Single-Pixel-Adjustable Structural Color Fabricated Using a Spatially Modulated Femtosecond Laser

Single-Pixel-Adjustable Structural Color Fabricated Using a Spatially Modulated Femtosecond Laser

Metasurface-enabled augmented reality display: a review

Wide‐Range Angle‐Sensitive Plasmonic Color Printing on Lossy‐Resonator Substrates

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