Structural Characterization of Pine Kraft Lignin: BioChoice Lignin vs Indulin AT

Hu, Zhoujian; Du, Xueyu; Liu, Jie; Chang, Hou‐min; Jameel, Hasan

doi:10.1080/02773813.2016.1214732

Cited by 116 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Therefore, the initial set of 54 lignins was reduced in size to 28 lignins of similar origin (Table S1). These lignins had all been generated by solvent fractionation of three different softwood kraft lignins: two different Indulin AT batches and one BioChoice lignin (see the Supporting Information for fractionation details), with the latter being generated from a harsher pulping process . Such a situation is in fact highly relevant as most pulp mills or biorefineries are specialised towards specific types of feedstocks (i.e., soft or hardwoods) and chemical processes tend to be optimised towards specific input streams.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkage Abundance and Molecular Weight Characteristics of Technical Lignins by Attenuated Total Reflection‐FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis

Lancefield

Constant

Peinder³

et al. 2019

ChemSusChem

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Lignin is an attractive material for the production of renewable chemicals, materials and energy. However, utilization is hampered by its highly complex and variable chemical structure, which requires an extensive suite of analytical instruments to characterize. Here, we demonstrate that straightforward attenuated total reflection (ATR)‐FTIR analysis combined with principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) modelling can provide remarkable insight into the structure of technical lignins, giving quantitative results that are comparable to standard gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC) and 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR methods. First, a calibration set of 54 different technical (fractionated) lignin samples, covering kraft, soda and organosolv processes, were prepared and analyzed using traditional GPC and NMR methods, as well as by readily accessible ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. PLS models correlating the ATR‐FTIR spectra of the broad set of lignins with GPC and NMR measurements were found to have excellent coefficients of determination ( R 2 Cal.>0.85) for molecular weight ( M n , M w ) and inter‐unit abundances (β‐ O ‐4, β‐5 and β‐β), with low relative errors (6.2–14 %) as estimated from cross‐validation results. PLS analysis of a second set of 28 samples containing exclusively (fractionated) kraft lignins showed further improved prediction ability, with relative errors of 3.8–13 %, and the resulting model could predict the structural characteristics of an independent validation set of lignins with good accuracy. The results highlight the potential utility of this methodology for streamlining and expediting the often complex and time consuming technical lignin characterization process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkage Abundance and Molecular Weight Characteristics of Technical Lignins by Attenuated Total Reflection‐FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis

Lancefield

Constant

Peinder³

et al. 2019

ChemSusChem

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“…In 2013, Domtar Plymouth Mill in North Carolina (USA) installed the process to produce lignin at about 27 300 tons year −1 , and the product was marketed as Bio‐Choice Lignin. Comparing with Indulin, Bio‐Choice Lignin had higher phenol hydroxyl, catechol, and enol ether; and lower methoxy and β ‐O‐4 contents . In 2015, Stora Enso installed the second LignoBoost at Sunila Mill (Finland) to produce LignoBoost lignin at 50 000 tons year −1 .…”

Section: The Kraft Process Is Potentially the Largest Source Of Lignimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparing with Indulin, Bio-Choice Lignin had higher phenol hydroxyl, catechol, and enol ether; and lower methoxy and β-O-4 contents. 26 In 2015, Stora Enso installed the second LignoBoost at Sunila Mill (Finland) to produce LignoBoost lignin at 50 000 tons year −1 .…”

Section: The Technologies To Isolate Lignin From Kraft Black Liquormentioning

confidence: 99%

The current and emerging sources of technical lignins and their applications

Rao

2018

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

143

137

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Technical lignins are bulk feedstocks. They are generated as byproducts from pulping or cellulosic ethanol production. Since lignin undergoes significant structural changes in the chemical and physical treatments, all technical lignins are unique in terms of chemical structure, molecular weight, polydispersity, and impurity profile. Kraft lignin is potentially the largest source of technical lignin as new isolation technologies have been implemented on industrial scale in recent years. Lignosulfonate has been an integral product in sulfite pulping biorefinery. It has a well-established market in construction industry. Organosolv-like lignin production is increasing as cellulosic ethanol has been promoted as the substitute of fossil fuel. It may have unique applications because it has low molecule weight and is free from sulfur. Technical lignin application is expected to expand as the characteristics are improved with fractionation or chemical modification. The application of technical lignin has been focusing on developing products equivalent to those made by petroleum chemicals. The recent development in technical lignin supply should increase its market share as additives in polyurethanes and as the substitute of phenol-formaldehyde adhesives. Quality improvement of technical lignin may also encourage the study of lignin as an alternative feedstock for carbon fiber. In addition, technical lignin depolymerization has been extensively explored to provide renewable aromatic chemicals. Starting from controlled pyrolysis and thermal liquefaction as the baseline technologies, many different chemical depolymerization have been invented with a wide range of underlying chemical principles.

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“…The commercial kraft lignin, Indulin AT, which is a pine softwood lignin that is precipitated from black liquor of linerboard-grade pulp, was obtained as dry powder from MeadWestvaco Corporation (Charleston Heights, SC) [26]. In this work, Indulin AT was used as the starting raw material in all experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous catalytic depolymerisation and conversion of industrial kraft lignin into low-molecular-weight aromatics

Abdelaziz

Tunå

et al. 2017

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Base-catalysed depolymerisation of lignin using sodium hydroxide has been shown to be an effective approach towards exploiting industrial (technical) lignins within the pulp and paper industry. In the present work, a pine kraft lignin (Indulin AT) which is precipitated from black liquor of linerboard-grade pulp was depolymerised via base catalysis to produce lowmolecular-mass aromatics without any organic solvent/capping agent in a continuous-flow reactor setup for the first time. The catalytic conversion of lignin was performed/screened at temperatures varying from 170 to 250°C, using NaOH/lignin weight ratio ≈ 1 with 5 wt% lignin solids loadings for residence times of 1, 2 and 4 min, respectively, with comprehensive characterisation of substrate and produced reaction mixtures. The products were characterised using size exclusion chromatography (SEC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and supercritical fluid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS). The optimum operating conditions for such depolymerisation appeared to be at 240°C and 30 h −1 , yielding the highest concentration of low-molecular-weight phenolics below the coking point. It was also found that the depolymerised lignin products exhibited better chemical stability during long-term storage at lower temperatures (~4°C).

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Structural Characterization of Pine Kraft Lignin: BioChoice Lignin vs Indulin AT

Cited by 116 publications

References 31 publications

Linkage Abundance and Molecular Weight Characteristics of Technical Lignins by Attenuated Total Reflection‐FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis

Linkage Abundance and Molecular Weight Characteristics of Technical Lignins by Attenuated Total Reflection‐FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis

The current and emerging sources of technical lignins and their applications

Continuous catalytic depolymerisation and conversion of industrial kraft lignin into low-molecular-weight aromatics

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