Structural characterization and immunostimulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from green alga Caulerpa racemosa var peltata

Hao, Huili; Han, Yu; Yang, Lihong; Hu, Lianmei; Duan, Xuewu; Yang, Xian; Huang, Riming

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.084

Cited by 71 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Consistently, ethanolic extract from Caulerpa okamurae reduced the molecular expression of TNF-α, interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant in RAW 264.7 macrophages [26]. Immunomodulatory effects were also identified in a novel soluble polysaccharide, called CRVP-1, from Caulerpa racemosa var peltata [32]. CRVP-1 consisted of a backbone of α-D-Mannose units linked with side chain of β-D-Galactose units and sulfate residues; its administration to macrophages induced an increased secretion of cytokines and production of NO [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The latter includes Codium, Bryopsis and Caulerpa [68]. Recently, several research groups characterized SPs from Caulerpa, defining a sugar SPs structure composed by a galactomannan backbone and the presence of xylose and rhamnose [19,[31][32][33].…”

Section: Reconstruction Of the Sulfated Polysaccharides Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunomodulatory effects were also identified in a novel soluble polysaccharide, called CRVP-1, from Caulerpa racemosa var peltata [32]. CRVP-1 consisted of a backbone of α-D-Mannose units linked with side chain of β-D-Galactose units and sulfate residues; its administration to macrophages induced an increased secretion of cytokines and production of NO [32]. An interesting gastroprotective role against ethanol damages has been suggested using SPs from Caulerpa mexicana.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioinformatic Characterization of Sulfotransferase Provides New Insights for the Exploitation of Sulfated Polysaccharides in Caulerpa

Landi¹,

Esposito²

2020

IJMS

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Caulerpa is an unusual algal genus from Caulerpaceae (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales). Species from this family produce a wide range of metabolites suitable for biotechnology applications. Among these, sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) are often highly desirable for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Here, we provide a classification of sulfotransferases from Caulerpa; these important enzymes catalyze the nodal step for the biosynthesis of SPs. For this, we performed phylogenetic, genomic, expression analyses and prediction of the protein structure on sulfotransferases from Caulerpa. Sequences, domains and structures of sulfotransferases generally shared common characteristics with other plants and algae. However, we found an extensive duplication of sulfotransferase gene family, which is unique among the green algae. Expression analysis revealed specific transcript abundance in the pinnae and rachis of the alga. The unique genomic features could be utilized for the production of complex SPs, which require multiple and specific sulfation reactions. The expansion of this gene family in Caulerpaceae would have resulted in a number of proteins characterizing the unique SPs found in these algae. We provide a putative biosynthetic pathway of SPs, indicating the unique characteristics of this pathway in Caulerpa species. These data may help in the future selection of Caulerpa species for both commercial applications and genetic studies to improve the synthesis of valuable products from Caulerpa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Reconstruction Of the Sulfated Polysaccharides Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioinformatic Characterization of Sulfotransferase Provides New Insights for the Exploitation of Sulfated Polysaccharides in Caulerpa

Landi¹,

Esposito²

2020

IJMS

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“…More recently, anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharides from other coenocytic green algae was also explored, including detailed studies about their mechanisms of action ( Arata et al, 2015 ; Arata et al, 2016 ; Arata et al, 2017b ; Qin et al, 2020 ). In addition, some other interesting biological activities were found, including proinflamatory activity ( Tabarsa et al, 2013 ), anti-inflamatory activity ( Sun et al, 2020 ), macrophage activation ( Surayot et al, 2016 ), antioxidant activity ( Hamzaoui et al, 2020 ), immunostimulatory activity ( Lee et al, 2010 ; Sun et al, 2018 ; Hao et al, 2019 ), and antiviral activity ( Pujol et al, 2012 ). Thus, it seems that the potential application of these polysaccharides could arise from their biological action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A water-soluble polysaccharide was obtained by hot-water extraction from Caulerpa racemosa var. peltata by Hao et al (2019) . After purification, it contained mannose as major monosaccharide component (92% of the total carbohydrates).…”

Section: Sulfated Polysaccharides From Coenocytic Green Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Sulfated Polysaccharides From Cell Walls of Coenocytic Green Algae and Their Structural Relationships in View of Green Algal Evolution

2020

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Seaweeds biosynthesize sulfated polysaccharides as key components of their cell walls. These polysaccharides are potentially interesting as biologically active compounds. Green macroalgae of the class Ulvophyceae comprise sulfated polysaccharides with great structural differences regarding the monosaccharide constituents, linearity of their backbones, and presence of other acidic substituents in their structure, including uronic acid residues and pyruvic acid. These structures have been thoroughly studied in the Ulvales and Ulotrichales, but only more recently have they been investigated with some detail in ulvophytes with giant multinucleate (coenocytic) cells, including the siphonous Bryopsidales and Dasycladales, and the siphonocladous Cladophorales. An early classification of these structurally heterogeneous polysaccharides was based on the presence of uronic acid residues in these molecules. In agreement with this classification based on chemical structures, sulfated polysaccharides of the orders Bryopsidales and Cladophorales fall in the same group, in which this acidic component is absent, or only present in very low quantities. The cell walls of Dasycladales have been less studied, and it remains unclear if they comprise sulfated polysaccharides of both types. Although in the Bryopsidales and Cladophorales the most important sulfated polysaccharides are arabinans and galactans (or arabinogalactans), their major structures are very different. The Bryopsidales produce sulfated pyruvylated 3-linked β- d -galactans, in most cases, with ramifications on C6. For some species, linear sulfated pyranosic β- l -arabinans have been described. In the Cladophorales, also sulfated pyranosic β- l -arabinans have been found, but 4-linked and highly substituted with side chains. These differences are consistent with recent molecular phylogenetic analyses, which indicate that the Bryopsidales and Cladophorales are distantly related. In addition, some of the Bryopsidales also biosynthesize other sulfated polysaccharides, i.e., sulfated mannans and sulfated rhamnans. The presence of sulfate groups as a distinctive characteristic of these biopolymers has been related to their adaptation to the marine environment. However, it has been shown that some freshwater algae from the Cladophorales also produce sulfated polysaccharides. In this review, structures of sulfated polysaccharides from bryopsidalean, dasycladalean, and cladophoralean green algae studied until now are described and analyzed based on current phylogenetic understanding, with the aim of unveiling the important knowledge gaps that still exist.

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Isolation, Structural Analysis and Anti‐Inflammatory Activity of a Polysaccharide from Ilex cornuta Fruits

Cui

Tian

Sun

et al. 2022

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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In the present study, a polysaccharide from Ilex cornuta fruits (LCFP‐3) was obtained by hot water extraction, Diethyaminoethyl cellulose‐52 (DEAE‐52) chromatography column and Sephadex G‐100 gel column purification. Its structural characteristics were further explored using high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed LCFP‐3 contained mainly Galactose (31.92 %), Arabinose (25.87 %) and Galacturonic acid (23.35 %) while small percentage of Rhamnose, Glucose, Mannose and Xylose. Chemical composition analysis showed that the total sugar content of LCFP‐3 was 90.31 % and the protein content was 0.246 %. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis showed that its average molecular weight was 41.199 kDa. Structural analysis showed that LCFP‐3 may be composed of residues, T‐α‐Arap, T‐α‐Rhap, 1,3‐α‐Arap, 1,4‐α‐Arap, T‐β‐Galp, 1,4‐α‐GalpA(OMe), 1,4‐β‐Glcp, 1,3‐β‐Galp, 1,3,6‐β‐Manp, 1,6‐β‐Galp, 1,3,4‐β‐GalpA, 1,4,6‐β‐Manp, 1,3,6‐β‐Glcp, 1,2,3,4‐α‐Xylp. The anti‐inflammatory activity of LCFP‐3 was evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW246.7 macrophages. The results showed that 1–200 μg/mL LCFP‐3 could dose‐dependently protect against LPS‐induced toxicity and 1 μg/mL LCFP‐3 could significantly inhibit LPS‐induced NO production. Therefore, LCFP‐3 exerted an anti‐inflammatory activity and has great potential as a functional ingredient.

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Structural characterization and immunostimulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from green alga Caulerpa racemosa var peltata

Cited by 71 publications

References 47 publications

Bioinformatic Characterization of Sulfotransferase Provides New Insights for the Exploitation of Sulfated Polysaccharides in Caulerpa

Bioinformatic Characterization of Sulfotransferase Provides New Insights for the Exploitation of Sulfated Polysaccharides in Caulerpa

Diversity of Sulfated Polysaccharides From Cell Walls of Coenocytic Green Algae and Their Structural Relationships in View of Green Algal Evolution

Isolation, Structural Analysis and Anti‐Inflammatory Activity of a Polysaccharide from Ilex cornuta Fruits

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