Structural characterization and immuno-enhancing activity of a highly branched water-soluble β-glucan from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum

Wang, Yatao; Liu, Yanfang; Yu, Huazheng; Zhou, Shuai; Zhang, Zhong; Wu, Di; Yan, Mei; Tang, Qingjiu; Zhang, Jingsong

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.016

Cited by 96 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The 13 C chemical shifts of residue A were obtained from the HSQC spectrum by the chemical shift of 1 H (Figure 5d), and the results are summarized in Table 4. Furthermore, according to the related literature and the chemical shifts of all 1 H and 13 C of residue A [25,34], residue A should be terminal-β-D-Glcp.…”

Section: Nmr Analysis Of Chfvp-1 and Chfvp-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CHFVP-2 was analyzed by the same way as that used for CHFVP-1. In Figure 6, anomeric proton and carbon signals at δ 4.53/105.88 were determined in the 1 H and 13 C NMR ( Table 6 and Table 7) and HSQC spectra in Figure 6 and denoted as A and B in CHFVP-2 [34]. All the 1 H and 13 C signals were assigned by 1 H/ 1 H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC), as shown in Figure 6, indicating that residue A was T-β-D-Glcp and B was →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→.…”

Section: Nmr Analysis Of Chfvp-1 and Chfvp-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Identification and Coagulation Effect of Flammulina velutipes Polysaccharides

et al. 2021

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Two polysaccharides were isolated successfully from Flammulina velutipes and identified as CHFVP-1 (24.44 kDa) and CHFVP-2 (1497 kDa). Based on the results of Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy regarding the structure of CHFVP-1 and CHFVP-2, CHFVP-1 was constructed with the backbone of→6)-α-D-Galp-(1→ and the branch of Galp by an →3,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→attached with T-β-D-Glcp or t-α-L-Fucp side chains. Meanwhile, the CHFVP-2 was a glucan with the construction of →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and T-β-D-Glcp. Moreover, the coagulant activity in vitro of CHFVP-1 and CHFVP-2 was evaluated, and the results showed that CHFVP-1 exerts procoagulant activity by shortening the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), while CHFVP-2 did not reveal a definite coagulant activity. The finding would benefit the further application of F. velutipes in the field of medicine.

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Section: Nmr Analysis Of Chfvp-1 and Chfvp-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nmr Analysis Of Chfvp-1 and Chfvp-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Identification and Coagulation Effect of Flammulina velutipes Polysaccharides

et al. 2021

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“…For example, (1!3)-β-Dglucans that had β-D-Glcp units attaching by (1!6) linkages as single unit branches systemically enhanced the immune system (Bohn and BeMiller 1995). A highly branched β-glucan from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum significantly promoted dinitrochlorobenzene-induced delayed-type ear swelling in mice (Wang et al 2017d). The backbone of immunostimulatory mannans mainly consists of (1!4)-D-Manp, especially from aloe vera, showing immuno-pharmacological and therapeutic properties.…”

Section: Immunomodulatory Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysaccharides in Food

Wang

Yin

Nie

2019

Handbook of Dietary Phytochemicals

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The polysaccharide is widely found in various food sources, including mushrooms, seaweeds, cereal grains, etc. The structure of polysaccharide is usually complicated, so a combination of chemical methods, instrumental technologies, and biological methods are always applied simultaneously in order to fully understand the primary structure. It is widely accepted that they have many bioactivities, such as immunomodulatory activity, anticancer activity, antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity, renal protective and liver protective function, and so on. In this chapter, an overview of the latest developments in isolation,

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“…Although there have been many studies on GLP, because the shell of G. lucidum spores is hard and difficult to remove completely, we apply a brand-new removal wall technology that makes it possible to extract GLSP with higher purity. GLSP has better physical and chemical properties than GLP, and its application prospects are broader [21,22]. Besides, GLSP plays a vital role in nourishing and protecting the liver, resisting radiation, resisting gene mutations, and resisting inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ganoderma lucidum Spore Polysaccharide Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Altering Macrophage Polarity and Induction of Apoptosis

Song

Li²,

Gu³

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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Background. Ganoderma lucidum has certain components with known pharmacological effects, including strengthening immunity and anti-inflammatory activity. G. lucidum seeds inherit all its biological characteristics. G. lucidum spore polysaccharide (GLSP) is the main active ingredient to enhance these effects. However, its specific biological mechanisms are not exact. Our research is aimed at revealing the specific biological mechanism of GLSP to enhance immunity and inhibit the growth of H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Methods. We extracted primary macrophages (Mø) from BALB/c mice and treated them with GLSP (800 μg/mL, 400 μg/mL, and 200 μg/mL) to observe its effects on macrophage polarization and cytokine secretion. We used GLSP and GLSP-intervened macrophage supernatant to treat H22 tumor cells and observed their effects using MTT and flow cytometry. Moreover, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to observe the effect of GLSP-intervened macrophage supernatant on the PI3K/AKT and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. Results. In this study, GLSP promoted the polarization of primary macrophages to M1 type and the upregulation of some cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β1. The MTT assay revealed that GLSP+Mø at 400 μg/mL and 800 μg/mL significantly inhibited H22 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that GLSP+Mø induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, associated with the expression of critical genes and proteins (PI3K, p-AKT, BCL-2, BAX, and caspase-9) that regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway and apoptosis. GLSP reshapes the tumor microenvironment by activating macrophages, promotes the polarization of primary macrophages to M1 type, and promotes the secretion of various inflammatory factors and cytokines. Conclusion. Therefore, as a natural nutrient, GLSP is a potential agent in hepatocellular carcinoma cell treatment and induction of apoptosis.

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Structural characterization and immuno-enhancing activity of a highly branched water-soluble β-glucan from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum

Cited by 96 publications

References 41 publications

Structural Identification and Coagulation Effect of Flammulina velutipes Polysaccharides

Structural Identification and Coagulation Effect of Flammulina velutipes Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides in Food

Ganoderma lucidum Spore Polysaccharide Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Altering Macrophage Polarity and Induction of Apoptosis

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