Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of fucoidan isolated from <italic>Ecklonia maxima</italic> stipe

Abstract

Enzyme-assisted hydrolysis is frequently used as a cost-effective and efficient method to obtain functional ingredients from bioresources. This study involved the enzyme-assisted hydrolyzation and purification of fucoidan from Ecklonia maxima stipe and the investigation of its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Fucoidans of Viscozyme-assisted hydrolysate from E. maxima (EMSFs) harvested in Jeju, Korea. Structural and chemical characterizations were performed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and monosaccharide analysis. Among fucoidans, EMSF6 was rich in fucose and sulfate and had a similar structural character to commercial fucoidan. EMSF6 showed a strong inhibitory effect on nitric oxide generation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and significantly decreased the production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α. The anti-inflammatory potential of EMSF6 was mediated through the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Thus, fucoidans from E. maxima stipe are promising candidates for functional food products.

Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of fucoidan from the brown alga Lessonia trabeculata (Lessoniaceae) on breast cancer spheroids

“…Increased TGF-β production is associated with poor survival in BC because it suppresses the anti-tumor immune response and promotes metastasis through increased levels of angiogenic and connective tissue growth proteins that promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, particularly in BC. It also stimulates several signaling networks involved in cell growth, and differentiation (Lee et al, 2022). In our study, the modulation exerted by LtF on Dox was demonstrated by the remarkable decrease of TGF-β in the combined treatment, as Dox has been shown to stimulate TGF-β signaling and consequently increase metastasis in BC cells (Yunita et al, 2020).…”

“…TNF-α controls immune and inflammatory responses during the early stage of tumor development (Lee et al, 2022). In the combined treatment, there was a decrease with respect to the Dox treatment, which could be related to the modulation exerted by fucoidan, since in the simple treatment the production of this cytokine is not significant, although it is four times higher than in the untreated.…”

“…Seaweed is considered an excellent source of bioactive natural products with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitumor effects, among others (Mayer et al, 2019). The advantage of using seaweed is its high availability and low processing costs compared to terrestrial plants (Lee et al, 2022). Recently, the use of seaweed as a source of bioactive principles for the treatment of various cancers, including breast cancer (BC), has been explored.…”

Subcritical water extraction of Gracilaria chorda abbreviates lipid accumulation and obesity-induced inflammation

“…NF-κB translocation in inflammatory conditions activates the p38-MAPK pathway, leading to a prolonged inflammation where STAT-1 plays an important role in the cytokine productions (Sun et al 2017, Bagaev et al 2019. The NF-κB and MAPK pathways are common inflammatory signaling pathways whose activation causes pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α (Park et al 2015, Lee et al 2022. In this study, LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells showed an increased NO production and iNOS2 and NF-κB expression, indicating an inflammatory response.…”