Structural characteristics of the Relict Gull ( Larus relictus ) mitochondrial DNA control region and its comparison to other Laridae

Abstract

The structure of the mitochondrial DNA control region in the Relict Gull (Larus relictus) was predicted and compared with data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) on five other gulls. The results showed that the control regions of the six gulls comprise three domains. Sequences of CSB-1-like (domain I) and CSB-1 (domain III) in L. relictus have the highest similarity with those in the other five gulls. The insertion fragments are located in downstream domain I of L. ridibundus, L. brunnicephalus, and L. saundersi. Seven conserved sequence boxes (additional box, F-box, E-box, D-box, C-box, bird-similarity-box, and B-box) are located in domain II in all six gulls. It is suggested that the CSB-2/3 sequence, the origin of H-strand replication, and bidirectional light- and heavy-strand transcription promoters in domain III of L. relictus have some distinguishing features to those of other gulls. Some repeat units are contained in the 3' end of the control region in the five gulls; however, no repeat units are found in the sequence CAAACAACAAA in L. relictus. The distribution of nucleotide diversity analysis will provide the useful information on the selected DNA fragment within the control region for genetic analyses among gulls.

The mitogenomes of Gelochelidon nilotica and Sterna hirundo (Charadriiformes, Sternidae) and their phylogenetic implications

“…This sequence is similar to that in the ‘goose hairpin’ in Laridae (Yang et al. 2016b ) and to variants found in Himantopus himantopus (Yang et al. 2017 ).…”

Genome-Wide Analyses of the Relict Gull (Larus Relictus) Insights Into Evolutionary Implications

“…The authors declare that they have no competing interests Author details 1 College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China 2 Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an 710032, China…”

“…The relict gull (Larus relictus) (Charadriiformes, Laridae), a middle-sized gull with a black-coloured head, had been known for nearly 50 years before it was regarded as a unique species [1]. L. relictus is one of the least known Aves [2,3]. It was classi ed as vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List and is a rst-class national protected bird in China.…”

“…On the whole-genome level, genome sequencing technology is usually used to characterize genetic variations and acquire comprehensive molecular characterizations [8]. At present, only limited genetic information, regarding mitochondrial markers and population structures, is available for L. relictus [2,4,9,10], as well as dispersal and migration information [3]. However, no genome information for L. relictus has been published, which limits our understanding of the evolutionary and molecular mechanisms of some signi cant processes.…”

Characterization and evolution of the mitochondrial DNA control region in Ranidae and their phylogenetic relationship

“…We aligned the sequences of all species and identified three conserved sequence blocks (CSB-1, -2, and -3) located in the Ranidae (Table 2). CSB-1, -2 and -3 were also detected in fish (e.g., Zhang et al, 2011), bird (e.g., Baker and Marshall, 1997;Yang et al, 2015), and mammalian species (e.g., Walberg and Clayton, 1981). We did not find the CBS-1 in Nanorana pleskei; the CSB-2 was not found in N. pleskei, Quasipaa yei, or Fejervarya limnocharis; and the CSB-3 was not observed in N. pleskei, Quasipaa yei, or Occidozyga martensii.…”