Structural characteristics of the halite fabric type ‘Kristallbrocken’ from the Zechstein Basin with regard to its development

Küster, Yvonne; Leiss, Bernd; Schramm, Michael

doi:10.1007/s00531-008-0399-8

Cited by 10 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The presence of "Kristallbrocken" porphyroclasts, on the other hand, is an indicator for the partial preservation of primary fabrics. The brecciation of the porphyroclasts is related to the competence contrast to the surrounding halite matrix as inferred by Küster et al (2010).…”

Section: Halite Formation and Origin Of Fabricmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The lithology of the "Kristallbrocken" (z2HS3) is characterized by inclusion-rich halite porphyroclasts (Figs. 2e,3a) and are interpreted to have originated from a monocrystalline halite layer of diagenetic origin that has been deformed during salt structure formation (Küster et al 2010). Apart from the coarse-grained "Kristallbrocken" salt, the halite matrix is characterized by a homogenous average halite grain size of 5 mm; some areas show a weak SPO (Fig.…”

Section: Zechstein Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural evolution of continental and marine Permian rock salt of the North German Basin: constraints from microfabrics, geochemistry and U–Pb ages

Henneberg

Linckens

Schramm

et al. 2020

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Analyzing the dynamics of microstructural response on natural deformation in rock salt, we present microfabric, EBSD, geochemical and U–Pb data, obtained from Permian salt formations of the Kiel-Honigsee salt wall in Northern Germany. The samples were recovered from deep drillings, which penetrated through an overturned rock salt sequence of both Rotliegend and Zechstein deposits. The bromide concentration in halite indicates a continental and marine origin for the Rotliegend and Zechstein deposits, respectively. Despite intense deformation, relics of early diagenetic fabrics are still preserved. Deformation of the impure Rotliegend rock salt was accommodated by pressure solution and hydrofracturing as is indicated by the microfabrics and bromide concentration in halite. Fractures in siliciclastic domains were filled with fibrous halite and deformed by subgrain rotation recrystallization (SGR). Fluid-rich Zechstein rock salt, on the other hand, was deformed by formation of subgrains and grain boundary migration (GBM). The distribution of mineral phases and fluids had a significant impact on the fabric evolution and on strain localization. U–Pb dating of carbonate phases of the Rotliegend sequence yielded Permian depositional ages and Jurassic to Cretaceous deformation ages, the latter related to diapiric ascent. The combination of results traces a dynamic evolution of the rock fabric inside the diapir structure driven by locally active deformation processes that can be correlated with early stages of halite deposition and diagenesis and syntectonic fabric reorganization related to diapirism in an extensional setting.

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Section: Halite Formation and Origin Of Fabricmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Zechstein Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

Structural evolution of continental and marine Permian rock salt of the North German Basin: constraints from microfabrics, geochemistry and U–Pb ages

Henneberg

Linckens

Schramm

et al. 2020

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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“…ST Trial Pellet (ST1c [16]) Following Desalination: Reflected Light; Halite infilling circular pore on polished cut surface. The halite infilling the circular carrier pore shows a characteristic "kristallbrocken" texture [49] indicating that the pore was infilled by crystal masses growing out from the pore boundaries. The bulk of the matrix in the photomicrograph is constructed from goethite [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Polished Surface Of Cut Pellets Following Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provision of Desalinated Irrigation Water by the Desalination of Groundwater within a Saline Aquifer

Antia¹

2016

Hydrology

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Irrigated land accounts for 70% of global water usage and 30% of global agricultural production. Forty percent of this water is derived from groundwater. Approximately 20%-30% of the groundwater sources are saline and 20%-50% of global irrigation water is salinized. Salinization reduces crop yields and the number of crop varieties which can be grown on an arable holding. Structured ZVI (zero valent iron, Fe 0 pellets desalinate water by storing the removed ions as halite (NaCl) within their porosity. This allows an "Aquifer Treatment Zone" to be created within an aquifer, (penetrated by a number of wells (containing ZVI pellets)). This zone is used to supply partially desalinated water directly from a saline aquifer. A modeled reconfigured aquifer producing a continuous flow (e.g., 20 m 3 /day, 7300 m 3 /a) of partially desalinated irrigation water is used to illustrate the impact of porosity, permeability, aquifer heterogeneity, abstraction rate, Aquifer Treatment Zone size, aquifer thickness, optional reinjection, leakage and flow bypass on the product water salinity. This desalination approach has no operating costs (other than abstraction costs (and ZVI regeneration)) and may potentially be able to deliver a continuous flow of partially desalinated water (30%-80% NaCl reduction) for $0.05-0.5/m 3 .

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“…4.22A). Although the Teutschenthal deposit is characterized by largely undisturbed evaporite sequences, the Hauptsalz shows a set of microstructural features that suggest deformation-related processes (Küster et al 2010). For example, the Kristallbrocken layers are mostly broken, and the relics have been dragged apart, rotated away from each other, or stacked (e.g., Figs.…”

Section: Description Of the Hauptsalzmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The halite type Kristallbrocken is characteristic for the Stassfurt Formation (Z2) rock salt of the German Zechstein Basin (e.g., Richter-Bernburg 1955b;Lotze 1957;Simon & Haltenhof 1970;Simon 1972) and in the Oldest and Older Halite (Z1 and Z2) of the Polish Zechstein Basin (Czapowski 1986, Czapowski et al 1990, where it is described as "C-halite" type. In a recent study investigating the microstructures of this halite type was demonstrated that the Kristallbrocken are definitely single crystals and that they can be regarded as relics of formerly larger "single crystal-layers" of up to several dm 2 in size (Küster et al 2010). A characteristic feature of this halite type is the internal lamination (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bromide characteristics and deformation mechanisms of naturally deformed rock salt of the German Zechstein Basin

Küster¹

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This dissertation includes four studies that were concerned with geochemical characteristics and deformation mechanisms of rock salt. The studies focused especially on the rock salt of the Stassfurt Formation (Zechstein 2) and samples were taken from different salt deposits of Germany and the Netherlands.The first study investigated the relationship between deformation intensity and bromide characteristics of the rock salt. For this, the bromide distribution of a defined stratigraphic section (Hauptsalz) of the Stassfurt Formation (Zechstein 2) was investigated in three salt deposits, with bedded salt (Teutschenthal) compared to domal salts (Morsleben, Gorleben).The comparison between the locations yielded the following findings: (1) The characteristic trend of the bromide profile can be observed in both the bedded and the more intensely deformed domal salts. (2) The dispersion of bromide contents along the running average curve is lower in Morsleben and Gorleben than in Teutschenthal, especially in the lower half of the Hauptsalz. (3) The Kristallbrocken are absent in the lower half of the Hauptsalz of Morsleben and Gorleben. On the one hand, the lower dispersion of the bromide contents in the domal salts and the absence of the Kristallbrocken are clear indications for the influence of salt migration-related processes on the bromide distribution characteristics. It shows that these processes are associated with a redistribution of bromide, which eventually results in a homogenisation of the originally varying bromide contents. On the other hand, preservation of the characteristic trend in all bromide profiles indicates that large-scale brecciation, folding processes, or circulating bromide-rich fluids could play only a minor role during the formation of the salt domes.The topic of the second and third study of this work was the laminated halite type Kristallbrocken that is characteristic for the Stassfurt Formation (Z2) rock salt. The investigations of both studies contributed to the understanding of the structure, the formation and the deformation mechanisms of this halite type. X-ray texture analyses on 4 Kristallbrocken samples from the salt deposit Teutschenthal demonstrated that the Kristallbrocken are single crystals and that they can be regarded as relics of formerly larger "single crystal-layers". Microscopic investigations showed that the internal lamination of the Kristallbrocken consists of several types of sulfate inclusions (anhydrite, polyhalite).Especially characteristic are anhydrite aggregates with surrounding brine. The original size of the monocrystalline beds, their high amount of relatively large solid inclusions as well as the characteristic sedimentary features make it unlikely that these laminated single crystals were grown directly from a solution. A more probable scenario is that an originally fine-grained,

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Structural characteristics of the halite fabric type ‘Kristallbrocken’ from the Zechstein Basin with regard to its development

Abstract: The Kristallbrocken are a characteristic centimetre-to decimetre-sized, laminated halite fabric type occurring in the Stassfurt Formation in the Zechstein Basin.

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Structural evolution of continental and marine Permian rock salt of the North German Basin: constraints from microfabrics, geochemistry and U–Pb ages

Structural evolution of continental and marine Permian rock salt of the North German Basin: constraints from microfabrics, geochemistry and U–Pb ages

Provision of Desalinated Irrigation Water by the Desalination of Groundwater within a Saline Aquifer

Bromide characteristics and deformation mechanisms of naturally deformed rock salt of the German Zechstein Basin

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