Structural characteristics of the collagen network in human normal, degraded and repair articular cartilages observed in polarized light and scanning electron microscopies

Changoor, Adele; Nelea, Monica; Méthot, Stéphane; Tran-Khanh, Nicolas; Chevrier, Anik; Restrepo, Alberto; Shive, Matthew S.; Hoemann, Caroline D.; Buschmann, Michael D.

doi:10.1016/j.joca.2011.09.007

Cited by 74 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Through the remodeling, the collagen network is transformed from a uniform structure at birth to a typical arcade-like ‘Benninghoff structure’ in adults. SEM has also provided details of the collagen organization in normal, degenerated, and repaired human articular cartilage [52]. This detailed assessment of collagen architecture could benefit the development of cartilage repair strategies intended to recreate functional collagen architecture.…”

Section: High-resolution Image Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution measurements of the multilayer ultra-structure of articular cartilage and their translational potential

Kirk

et al. 2014

Arthritis Res Ther

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Current musculoskeletal imaging techniques usually target the macro-morphology of articular cartilage or use histological analysis. These techniques are able to reveal advanced osteoarthritic changes in articular cartilage but fail to give detailed information to distinguish early osteoarthritis from healthy cartilage, and this necessitates high-resolution imaging techniques measuring cells and the extracellular matrix within the multilayer structure of articular cartilage. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the cellular components and extracellular matrix of articular cartilage as well as high-resolution imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance image, electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, second harmonic generation microscopy, and laser scanning confocal arthroscopy, in the measurement of multilayer ultra-structures of articular cartilage. This review also provides an overview for micro-structural analysis of the main components of normal or osteoarthritic cartilage and discusses the potential and challenges associated with developing non-invasive high-resolution imaging techniques for both research and clinical diagnosis of early to late osteoarthritis.

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Section: High-resolution Image Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution measurements of the multilayer ultra-structure of articular cartilage and their translational potential

Kirk

et al. 2014

Arthritis Res Ther

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“…The critical-point-drying step generates artifacts of such a crude and severe nature as to greatly compromise an analysis of the fibrillar architecture. Furthermore, after the tissue has been bombarded with particles of gold in a vacuum to enhance the electron-conductivity of its surface, the characteristic crossbanding of all but the coarsest collagenous fibrils can no longer be distinguished (Changoor et al, 2011;Fujioka et al, 2013); nor can the different types of fibril. Moreover, as may be the case when high-pressure-frozen tissue undergoes freeze-substitution in an Illchosen organic medium, the collagenous fibrils may artifactually appear as hollow tubes (ap Gwynn et al, 2000).…”

Section: The Network Of Fibrillar Collagensmentioning

confidence: 99%

How best to preserve and reveal the structural intricacies of cartilaginous tissue

2014

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No single processing technique is capable of optimally preserving each and all of the structural entities of cartilaginous tissue. Hence, the choice of methodology must necessarily be governed by the nature of the component that is targeted for analysis, for example, fibrillar collagens or proteoglycans within the extracellular matrix, or the chondrocytes themselves. This article affords an insight into the pitfalls that are to be encountered when implementing the available techniques and how best to circumvent them. Adult articular cartilage is taken as a representative pars pro toto of the different bodily types. In mammals, this layer of tissue is a component of the synovial joints, wherein it fulfills crucial and diverse biomechanical functions. The biomechanical functions of articular cartilage have their structural and molecular correlates. During the natural course of postnatal development and after the onset of pathological disease processes, such as osteoarthritis, the tissue undergoes structural changes which are intimately reflected in biomechanical modulations. The fine structural intricacies that subserve the changes in tissue function can be accurately assessed only if they are faithfully preserved at the molecular level. For this reason, a careful consideration of the tissue-processing technique is indispensable. Since, as aforementioned, no single methodological tool is capable of optimally preserving all constituents, the approach must be pre-selected with a targeted structure in view. Guidance in this choice is offered.

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“…2,3,9 Patient-reported outcomes improve for 66 to 88% of all patients for 1 to 2 years postoperative, 4,6,7,10 after which clinical benefit steadily declines with a documented 25% failure rate at 5 years postoperative. 11,12 Although MFX can elicit hyaline-like cartilage repair, 2 most defects are resurfaced with a fibrous or fibrocartilage tissue, 2,3,13,14 or no tissue at all 4,15,16 for reasons that remain unclear.…”

Section: Microfracture (Mfx) Is Used To Resurface Focal Outerbridgementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Initial Microfracture Defects in Human Condyles

et al. 2013

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Microfracture (MFX) is a cartilage repair technique that depends on cell migration from marrow-rich trabecular bone cavities into the cartilage lesion. This study tested the hypothesis that MFX awls with distinct geometry generate different hole shapes and variable bone marrow access in condyles with Grade III to IV lesions. Lateral and medial condyles from total knee arthroplasty (N = 24 male and female patients, 66 ± 9 years) were systematically microfractured ex vivo to 2 and 4 mm deep and the bone holes analyzed by micro-computed tomography. Subchondral bone in lesional condyles showed different degrees of sclerosis up to 2 mm deep ("porous," sclerotic, extremely dense). MFX holes ranged from 1.1 to 2.0 mm in diameter, and retained the awl shape with evidence of slight bone elastic rebound and bone compaction lining the holes that were increased by wider awl diameter and deeper MFX. Marrow access was significantly diminished by sclerosis for all three awls, with an average marrow access varying from 70% (nonlesional bone) to 40% (extremely dense bone). This study revealed that subchondral bone sclerosis can reach a critical limit beyond which MFX creates bone compaction and fissures instead of marrow access.

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Structural characteristics of the collagen network in human normal, degraded and repair articular cartilages observed in polarized light and scanning electron microscopies

Abstract: This detailed assessment of collagen architecture could benefit the development of cartilage repair strategies intended to recreate functional collagen architecture.

Cited by 74 publications

References 47 publications

High-resolution measurements of the multilayer ultra-structure of articular cartilage and their translational potential

High-resolution measurements of the multilayer ultra-structure of articular cartilage and their translational potential

How best to preserve and reveal the structural intricacies of cartilaginous tissue

Characterization of Initial Microfracture Defects in Human Condyles

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