Structural brain abnormalities in unselected in‐patients with major depression

Videbech, Poul; Ravnkilde, Barbara; Fiirgaard, B; Clemmensen, Karin; Egander, A.; Rasmussen, N. A.; Christensen, T.; Sangill, Ryan; Rosenberg, Raben

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00305.x

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Similarly Videbech et al [22] reported no structural abnormality of the brain in young depressives ( n = 42; mean age 42 years). MRI scan was done 2 hours after the second ECT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

MRI T₂ relaxometry of brain regions and cognitive dysfunction following electroconvulsive therapy

Kunigiri¹,

Jayakumar²,

Janakiramaiah³

et al. 2007

Indian J Psychiatry

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Background:Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) causes no structural brain damage, recent studies reported altered brain perfusion acutely following ECT. This is in keeping with brain edema which was noted in animal experiments following electroconvulsive shock.Aim:This study examined alteration in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 relaxation time, a measure of brain edema, and its relation to therapeutic efficacy, orientation and memory impairment with ECT.Materials and Methods:Fifteen drug-naive consenting patients of major depressive disorder with melancholia (DSM-IV) received ECT as first-line treatment. MRI scans were done before the first ECT and at 2 hours after the second ECT. T2 relaxation time was measured bilaterally in thalamus, hippocampus, medial temporal lobes and dorsolateral frontal cortex by a blind rater.Results:Depression scores and memory scores were reduced significantly both after the second and fifth ECT. There was no change in T2 relaxation time after second ECT.Conclusion:The finding suggests that ECT does not produce demonstrable change acutely in brain parenchyma detectable by MRI scans.

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“…Similarly Videbech et al [22] reported no structural abnormality of the brain in young depressives ( n = 42; mean age 42 years). MRI scan was done 2 hours after the second ECT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

MRI T₂ relaxometry of brain regions and cognitive dysfunction following electroconvulsive therapy

Kunigiri¹,

Jayakumar²,

Janakiramaiah³

et al. 2007

Indian J Psychiatry

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“…Since these variables show that the groups were well matched, the influence of these parameters on test performance was not considered further. From a previous analysis of the MR images, we also ruled out the existence of any systematic differences between the control subjects and the patients such as atrophy (Videbech et al , 2001a). A group comparison of young patients ( ≤ 40 years of age) to older patients (> 40 years) revealed no significant age-dependent differences on any measures either, except for WAIS Vocabulary (Mann-Whitney, p < 0.05), on which the older patients seemed to perform the best.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lately, neuroimaging studies have contributed by describing the functional and structural substrates of the disease (Drevets, 1998;Videbech, 1997Videbech, , 2000Videbech, , 2001aVidebech, , 2001bVidebech, , 2001c. Recent studies have also tried to combine neuropsychological studies with functional imaging studies of depressed patients (Dolan, Bench, Brown, Scott & Frackowiak, 1994;Dolan, Bench, Brown, Scott, Friston & Frackowiak, 1992) or have tried to demonstrate the cognitive dysfunctions with cognitive activation paradigms during scanning (George et al , 1997;Philpot, Banerjee, Needham Bennett, Costa & Ell, 1993;Videbech et al ., 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive deficits in major depression

Ravnkilde¹,

Videbech²,

Clemmensen

et al. 2002

Scandinavian J Psychology

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210

109

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Major depression is a mood disorder that is often accompanied by the impairment of cognitive functions. Although suggestive, the large range of existing neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and, lately, neuroimaging investigations have not yet given a consistent picture of the psychological and biological disturbances involved in this psychiatric disorder. The present study of the cognitive functions in depression was part of an extensive investigation, including neuropsychological testing, psychiatric examination, and neuroimaging. A representative sample of 40 severely depressed hospitalized patients and a group of 49 closely matched control subjects were tested with an extensive neuropsychological test battery. Results, corrected for various confounding factors, confirmed the current notion that depressed patients suffer from wide-spread cognitive impairments. The group analysis did not allow any hypothesis on a possible pattern to the dysfunctions, but heterogeneity in the test performances calls for further analysis of the data in patient subgroups in relation to neuroimaging results.

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“…In alcohol-dependent subjects structural neuroimaging studies found dilated forebrain ventricles and enlarged cortical sulci throughout the cerebral cortex (Haubek & Lee, 1979;Lishman, 1990;Pfefferbaum et al, 1988;Ron et al, 1982). Enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles or increased sulcal prominence is also reported in depressed subjects (Elkis et al, 1995(Elkis et al, , 1996Videbech et al, 2001). However, these enlargements in depression are less pervasive than those reported in alcoholism and not consistently found in all studies of depressed subjects (Elkis et al, 1995).…”

Section: Neuroimaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of prefrontal cell pathology between depression and alcohol dependence

Miguel-Hidalgo

Rajkowska

2003

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Chronic alcohol abuse is often co-morbid with depression symptoms and in many cases it appears to induce major depressive disorder. Structural and functional neuroimaging has provided evidence supporting some degree of neuropathological convergence of alcoholism and mood disorders. In order to understand the cellular neuropathology of alcohol dependence and mood disorders, postmortem morphometric studies have tested the possibility of alterations in the number and size of cells in the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions. The present review compares the cell pathology in the prefrontal cortex between alcohol dependence and depression, and reveals both similarities and differences. One of the most striking similarities is that, although pathology affects both neuronal and glial cells, effects on glia are more dramatic than on neurons in both alcohol dependence comorbid with depression and idiopathic depression. Moreover, prefrontal cortical regions are commonly affected in both depression and alcoholism. However, the cellular changes are more prominent and spread across cortical layers in alcohol dependent subjects than in subjects with mood disorders, and changes in glial nucleus size are opposite in alcoholism and depression. It could be argued that one defining factor in the manifestation of the depressive pathology is a reduction in the glial distribution in the dlPFC that is reflected in a reduced glial density. In alcoholism reduced glial nuclear size might be related to the cytotoxic effects of prolonged alcohol exposure, while in MDD, in the absence of alcohol abuse, other processes might be responsible for the increase in average size of glial nuclei. In either case abnormal function related to glial reduction would be associated with depression due to insufficient glial support to the surrounding neurons.

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Structural brain abnormalities in unselected in‐patients with major depression

Abstract: Brain atrophy and white matter lesions did not occur with significantly increased frequency in these relatively young unselected depressives, but the finding of severe brain pathology stresses the importance of brain imaging in late-onset psychiatric disorders.

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

MRI T₂ relaxometry of brain regions and cognitive dysfunction following electroconvulsive therapy

MRI T₂ relaxometry of brain regions and cognitive dysfunction following electroconvulsive therapy

Cognitive deficits in major depression

Comparison of prefrontal cell pathology between depression and alcohol dependence

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Structural brain abnormalities in unselected in‐patients with major depression

Abstract: Brain atrophy and white matter lesions did not occur with significantly increased frequency in these relatively young unselected depressives, but the finding of severe brain pathology stresses the importance of brain imaging in late-onset psychiatric disorders.

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

MRI T 2 relaxometry of brain regions and cognitive dysfunction following electroconvulsive therapy

MRI T 2 relaxometry of brain regions and cognitive dysfunction following electroconvulsive therapy

Cognitive deficits in major depression

Comparison of prefrontal cell pathology between depression and alcohol dependence

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Product

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MRI T₂ relaxometry of brain regions and cognitive dysfunction following electroconvulsive therapy

MRI T₂ relaxometry of brain regions and cognitive dysfunction following electroconvulsive therapy