Structural bonding of acetylated Scandinavian softwoods for exterior lumber laminates

Vick, C. B.; Larsson, Pia; Mahlberg, Riitta; Simonson, Rune; Rowell, Roger M.

doi:10.1016/0143-7496(93)90035-8

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The tests on acetylated samples in dry conditions did not reveal any significant differences neither in TSS nor in WFP to the values of the unmodified samples for any of the three tested adhesives. For PUR, which requires a minimum moisture content of about 6-8% for good bonding performance (Beaud et al 2006), the lower moisture sorption of acetylated rubberwood did not impair the bonding performance tested in dry conditions, which is in agreement with previous studies (Bongers et al 2016;Vick et al 1993). Therefore, the bonding performance of the tested adhesives and of wood is not influenced by acetylation in dry condition (Vick and Rowell 1990).…”

Section: Tensile Shear Strength and Wood Failure Percentage Of Bondedsupporting

confidence: 87%

Quasi-static and fatigue performance of bonded acetylated rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis, Müll. Arg.)

et al. 2020

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Rubberwood is widely planted for latex production. At the cessation of latex yield it becomes a viable timber source in the wood industry. While good bonding performance of rubberwood has been reported, quantitative information to support this statement is missing. In this study, the tensile shear strength (TSS) and wood failure percentage (WFP) of unmodified and acetylated rubberwood in both wet and dry conditions were examined. Three frequently used adhesives were selected: one-component polyurethane (1C PUR), melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF), and phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF). Furthermore, fatigue behaviour was analysed for PRF-bonded samples by cyclic loading. Results showed that in dry state, the TSS and WFP of acetylated rubberwood is comparable to the unmodified samples for all adhesives. In wet condition, the performance of bonded rubberwood was improved by acetylation. Cyclic loading revealed comparable fatigue behaviour of bonded unmodified and acetylated rubberwood. This investigation provides first quantitative information on the performance of bonded rubberwood, which can be a valuable input for the production of laminated timber products for structural purposes.

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Section: Tensile Shear Strength and Wood Failure Percentage Of Bondedsupporting

confidence: 87%

Quasi-static and fatigue performance of bonded acetylated rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis, Müll. Arg.)

et al. 2020

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“…Besides, cross-linking of OH groups of lingo cellulosic fibers with free HCHO contains -O-C-Obonds. Therefore, hydrogen bonding and wet-ability greatly decreases, and consequently, water repellency increases [16]. Furthermore, paraffin wax enhances water absorption but not too much as boron compound does, since water absorption reaches 70.2 after 24 hours.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties and Water Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Addition of Boric Acid and Borax on Fire-Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Urea Formaldehyde Saw Dust Composites

Nagieb

Nassar

El-Meligy

2011

International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry

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Properties of the flame retardant urea formaldehyde (UF) board made from saw dust fibers were investigated. Flame retardant chemicals that were evaluated include boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) which were incorporated with saw dust fibers to manufacture experimental panels. Three concentration levels, (0.5, 1, and 5%) of fire retardants and 10% urea formaldehyde resin based on oven dry fiber weight were used to manufacture experimental panels. Physical and mechanical properties including water absorption, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were determined. The results showed that water absorption and bending strength decreased as the flame retardant increased. The highest concentration of (BA + BX) enhanced the fire retardant more than the lower ones. Scanning electron microscope and FTIR of composite panels were studied.

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“…The first factor is dominated by temperature and moisture, the second one includes adherend, adhesive and the interphase between them, while the last category refers to the stresses on the bonding. In particular, the influence of wood species on bonding joint strength, [22] the role of wood extractives on adhesion process, [23] the influence of different preservative and wood treatment processes on the strength and durability of bondings with traditional adhesives [24,25] were studied in literature; despite this, studies about the influence of wood treatments on modern adhesives are scarce.…”

Section: Literature Review 21 Adhesion Processes and Structural Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Wooden window frames with structural sealants: manufacturing improvements and experimental validation of a finite element model

Pantaleo

Ferri²,

Pellerano

2013

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology

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This paper proposes a finite element (FE) model of a novel wooden window frame typology and validates it by experimental tests on window frames and corner joint specimens. The innovation consists of the application of the structural silicone sealant only at the interface between wood and one of the thin glass layers of the double-glazing glass, so achieving a low application depth. This technique reduces the sealant quantity and allows the disassembly and substitution of the glass from the frame in case of breakage. In order to inform the FE model of the whole frame, the dowelled butt corner joint strength is measured by specific experimental tests. The results show a good correlation between the FE model and the experimental results in the range of small frame deformations, which are of interest for the proposed application. In particular, the FE curve overestimates the bottom corner displacement of about 17% at 1000 N load, 7% at 2000 N and less than 5% at higher applied force on the upper corner. The model is then applied to various wooden frame geometries in order to evaluate if the proposed silicone application mode and dowelled corner joints type allow an acceptable stiffness of the frame, and, in particular, low deformations of the bottom corner joint, in order to maintain the wooden frame functionality when subject to external loads. The approach could be useful when assessing optimal sealing application modes, wood-sealant-glass joint geometries, corner joint geometries and window frame geometries to limit the bottom corner joint deformation within the required technical specifications. IntroductionWood frames are used in several manufacturing applications, such as kitchen, doors, windows, partitions, etc. In particular, novel architecture and structural engineering are characterized by thin frames and large spans where glass represents a structural element and contributes to the energy performance of the buildings. These requirements increase the interest in structural sealants' applications, in novel joining techniques and in the overall assessment of frames structural performances under various applied loads. Moreover, the growing interest on the energy performance of buildings has increased the scientific research in the area of glass and façade in architecture, and in novel chemical and mechanical approaches to the structural sealants and window

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Structural bonding of acetylated Scandinavian softwoods for exterior lumber laminates

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Quasi-static and fatigue performance of bonded acetylated rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis, Müll. Arg.)

Quasi-static and fatigue performance of bonded acetylated rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis, Müll. Arg.)

Effect of Addition of Boric Acid and Borax on Fire-Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Urea Formaldehyde Saw Dust Composites

Wooden window frames with structural sealants: manufacturing improvements and experimental validation of a finite element model

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