Structural basis of hairless guinea pig skin for models of cutaneous biology

Sueki, Hirohiko; Popp, Christina; Kudoh, Kazuhiro; Murphy, Gëorge F.; Kligman, A.M.

doi:10.1016/0923-1811(94)90500-2

Cited by 23 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…The cells present in the skin that have an important role in mediating DTH include mast cells, which increase vascular permeability through the release of vasoactive amines (2,16), and Langerhans cells, which are potent antigen-presenting cells of the DC lineage (39). However, a review of literature indicated that the densities of Langerhans cells in the epidermis of guinea pigs and in the epidermis of cattle are equivalent (6,38), while the densities of mast cells in cattle dermis and human dermis are actually greater than the density observed in guinea pigs (17,28). Therefore, while the differences in sensitivity between guinea pig and cattle (and human) DTH remain unclear, these data suggest that caution should be used when attempting to extrapolate quantitative DTH data between these species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the Bovine Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Responses to Defined Mycobacterial Antigens by a Synthetic Bacterial Lipopeptide

Whelan

Hope²,

Howard³

et al. 2003

Infect Immun

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The use of defined protein and peptide antigens can overcome specificity limitations of purified protein derivatives in the detection of bovine tuberculosis when the antigens are used in blood-based tests. Since the use of these specific antigens as skin test reagents could have practical advantages, we investigated the potential of Mycobacterium bovis-specific antigens to stimulate delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in cattle experimentally infected with M. bovis. A cocktail of the recombinant antigens ESAT-6, MPB83, and MPB64 failed to stimulate in vivo DTH in cattle that had been experimentally infected with M. bovis despite the fact that the antigens were recognized in vitro by the same animals. However, it was possible to stimulate antigen-specific bovine DTH responses by using ESAT-6 in combination with a synthetic bacterial lipopeptide. This lipopeptide stimulated the release of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha from monocyte-derived bovine dendritic cells in vitro, thereby providing a possible mechanism for its DTH-enhancing properties.Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of economic and zoonotic importance caused by the intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium bovis. In the United Kingdom, there has been a steady rise in the incidence of bovine TB during the last decade, and the cost of control measures currently exceeds £25 million per annum. Bovine TB is a zoonotic disease, and prior to introduction of milk pasteurization and disease control measures in England, up to 6% of human deaths (2,500 people per annum) resulting from TB were attributed to M. bovis infection (19). Furthermore, the zoonotic impact of bovine TB remains an important consideration in developing countries in which limited or no control measures are in place (26,27). The early and specific diagnosis of this disease in cattle is therefore of vital importance.The control of bovine TB in the United Kingdom relies on detection of infected animals by the single comparative intradermal tuberculin test (SCITT) (32). This test detects the development of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to intradermal injection of a purified protein derivative (PPD) prepared from an M. bovis culture. The reaction to bovine PPD (PPD-B) is compared to the skin reaction induced by a Mycobacterium avium-derived PPD to provide a measure of sensitization to environmental mycobacteria. Cattle presenting with a positive skin test are slaughtered (test and slaughter control policy).Recent advances in the detection of bovine and human TB have demonstrated that the use of defined protein and peptide antigens can overcome specificity limitations of PPD; for example, this can occur in populations that have been vaccinated with M. bovis BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin). In cattle, recent studies have demonstrated that defined M. bovis antigens, such as ESAT-6, MPB64, MPB70, and MPB83, can distinguish BCG-vaccinated animals from M. bovis-infected animals while still providing high levels of sensitivity for diagnosing M. bovis inf...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the Bovine Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Responses to Defined Mycobacterial Antigens by a Synthetic Bacterial Lipopeptide

Whelan

Hope²,

Howard³

et al. 2003

Infect Immun

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“…Guinea pigs are the most relevant model for intradermal delivery because their skin closely mimics human skin tissue in both thickness and vascularity (Mershon et al, 1990;Sueki, 2000). The confirmation of these results in the NHP model is critical because promising DNA vaccine immunogenicity in small animals has often failed to translate into larger mammals and humans (Wang et al, 1993;MacGregor et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intradermal DNA Vaccination Enhanced by Low-Current Electroporation Improves Antigen Expression and Induces Robust Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses

Hutnick

Myles²,

Ferraro³

et al. 2012

Human Gene Therapy

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DNA represents an ideal vaccine platform for HIV and many infectious diseases because of its safety, stability, and ease of manufacture. However, the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines has traditionally been low compared with viral vectors, recombinant protein, and live attenuated vaccines. The immunogenicity of DNA vaccines has been significantly enhanced by delivery with in vivo electroporation. Further improvements now allow electroporation to be performed in the dermis, which could potentially improve patient tolerability and may further enhance immunogenicity. In this study we examined how the current of intradermal vaccination impacts antigen expression, inflammation, and the induction of both humoral and cellular immunity in guinea pigs and nonhuman primates. We observed that a lower (0.1 A) current reduced inflammation and improved antigen expression compared with a 0.2 A current. The improved antigen expression resulted in a trend toward higher cellular immune responses but no impact on HIV-and influenza-specific binding titers. This study highlights the need for optimization of electroporation conditions in vivo in order to balance enhanced plasmid transfection with a loss of expression due to tissue inflammation and necrosis. These results suggest that a lower, 0.1-A current may not only improve patient tolerability but also improve immunogenicity.

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“…A complete damage threshold study will be performed at Jefferson Laboratory in the future using a hairless guinea pig (HGP). The histology of the skin of the hairless guinea pig is considered to be similar to that of the human 5 . To ensure full understanding of the histology of the HGP skin, a histological analysis of the HGP skin will be performed prior to experiments at the Jefferson Laboratory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and experimental bioeffects research for high-power terahertz electromagnetic energy

et al. 2007

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Historically, safety analyses for radio frequency emission and optical laser exposures have been designed to define the threshold level for tissue damage. To date, no experimental studies have documented damage thresholds to living tissues in the terahertz (THz) range of electromagnetic frequencies (0.1 -10 THz). Exposure limits exist as extrapolated estimates at the extreme bounds of current occupational safety standards for lasers and radio frequency sources. Therefore, due to the lack of published data on the safety of terahertz emissions, an understanding of the bioeffects of tissue exposures to terahertz beams is necessary. The terahertz frequency band represents an intermediate range in which both optical and radiofrequency methods of theory and experimentation can be selectively employed and compared for consistency. We report on work recently completed to reconcile the theoretical methods of optical and radio-frequency radiative transport modeling, while additionally discussing preliminary theoretical estimates of damage thresholds to skin tissue from terahertz energy and work planned to validate these findings experimentally.

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Structural basis of hairless guinea pig skin for models of cutaneous biology

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Modulation of the Bovine Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Responses to Defined Mycobacterial Antigens by a Synthetic Bacterial Lipopeptide

Modulation of the Bovine Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Responses to Defined Mycobacterial Antigens by a Synthetic Bacterial Lipopeptide

Intradermal DNA Vaccination Enhanced by Low-Current Electroporation Improves Antigen Expression and Induces Robust Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses

Theoretical and experimental bioeffects research for high-power terahertz electromagnetic energy

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