Structural basis of eukaryotic cell targeting by type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors

Tosi, T.; Pflug, A.; Discola, Karen Fulan; Neves, David; Dessen, Andréa

doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2013.03.019

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…However, various studies have shown that some type III effectors from plant-and animal-pathogenic bacteria would exert similar functions in eukaryotic host cells (5). These functions would include the manipulation of Rho GTPases and the ubiquitination cascade, proteolysis, and acetylation of host proteins as well as the disruption of the target membrane or phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of cellular targets, among others (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) fredii HH103 Nodulation Outer Protein NopI Is a Determinant for Efficient Nodulation of Soybean and Cowpea Plants

Jiménez‐Guerrero

Pérez‐Montaño

Medina

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a specialized secretion apparatus that is commonly used by many plant and animal pathogenic bacteria to deliver proteins, termed effectors, to the interior of the host cells. These effectors suppress host defenses and interfere with signal transduction pathways to promote infection. Some rhizobial strains possess a functional T3SS, which is involved in the suppression of host defense responses, host range determination, and symbiotic efficiency. The analysis of the genome of the broad-host-range rhizobial strain Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 identified eight genes that code for putative T3SS effectors. Three of these effectors, NopL, NopP, and NopI, are Rhizobium specific. In this work, we demonstrate that NopI, whose amino acid sequence shows a certain similarity with NopP, is secreted through the S. fredii HH103 T3SS in response to flavonoids. We also determined that NopL can be considered an effector since it is directly secreted to the interior of the host cell as demonstrated by adenylate cyclase assays. Finally, the symbiotic phenotype of single, double, and triple nopI, nopL, and nopP mutants in soybean and cowpea was assayed, showing that NopI plays an important role in determining the number of nodules formed in both legumes and that the absence of both NopL and NopP is highly detrimental for symbiosis.IMPORTANCE The paper is focused on three Rhizobium-specific T3SS effectors of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103, NopL, NopP, and NopI. We demonstrate that S. fredii HH103 is able to secrete through the T3SS in response to flavonoids the nodulation outer protein NopI. Additionally, we determined that NopL can be considered an effector since it is secreted to the interior of the host cell as demonstrated by adenylate cyclase assays. Finally, nodulation assays of soybean and cowpea indicated that NopI is important for the determination of the number of nodules formed and that the absence of both NopL and NopP negatively affected nodulation. KEYWORDS:Sinorhizobium fredii, cowpea, effector, nodulation, soybean, symbiosis, type III secretion S oil bacteria, collectively known as rhizobia, induce the formation of specialized structures, called nodules, on the roots or stems of host legumes. Within these nodules, rhizobia differentiate into bacteroids that are able to reduce atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, which is assimilated by the plant. In exchange, rhizobia are provided with a carbon source and an appropriate environment to promote bacterial growth (1).

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confidence: 99%

The Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) fredii HH103 Nodulation Outer Protein NopI Is a Determinant for Efficient Nodulation of Soybean and Cowpea Plants

Jiménez‐Guerrero

Pérez‐Montaño

Medina

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…15,45 Invasive pathogens (e.g., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp, and enterohemorrhagic or enteroinvasive Escherichia coli) use their needle-like type III secretion systems to inject effector proteins into epithelial cells, and subsequently manipulate the host cytoskeletal actins for anchorage and entry. 50 In contrast to pathogens with specialized machinery to invade cells, the lipid raft/caveolae-mediated pathway was utilized by noninvasive mucosal bacteria to penetrate cells by hijacking the host endocytic machinery. These studies pinpointed the location of the portal as lipid rafts on apical membrane invaginations, but have left open the question of how bacteria pass through the BB and gain access to the base of the intermicrovillous cleft.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Intestinal Bacterial Endocytosis By Epithelialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commensal bacterial internalization by epithelial cells: An alternative portal for gut leakiness

2015

Tissue Barriers

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“…A key component of the T3S system is the needle-like structure that spans both bacterial membranes and through which effectors are delivered directly into the cytosol of host cells (1,3,4). The needle is formed by the polymerization of single proteins: YscF in Yersinia spp., PrgI and SsaG (Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) and Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2), respectively) in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, PscF in Pseudomonas spp., and MxiH in Shigella flexneri (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The needle is formed by the polymerization of single proteins: YscF in Yersinia spp., PrgI and SsaG (Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) and Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2), respectively) in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, PscF in Pseudomonas spp., and MxiH in Shigella flexneri (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been utilized to analyze structures of several needle proteins: MxiH from Shigella (9), BsaL from Burkholderia pseudomallei (10), and PrgI from Salmonella Typhimurium (11).…”

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The N Terminus of Type III Secretion Needle Protein YscF from Yersinia pestis Functions To Modulate Innate Immune Responses

et al. 2015

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Structural basis of eukaryotic cell targeting by type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors

Cited by 24 publications

References 170 publications

The Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) fredii HH103 Nodulation Outer Protein NopI Is a Determinant for Efficient Nodulation of Soybean and Cowpea Plants

The Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) fredii HH103 Nodulation Outer Protein NopI Is a Determinant for Efficient Nodulation of Soybean and Cowpea Plants

Commensal bacterial internalization by epithelial cells: An alternative portal for gut leakiness

The N Terminus of Type III Secretion Needle Protein YscF from Yersinia pestis Functions To Modulate Innate Immune Responses

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