Structural basis for the regulation of phytohormone receptors

Miyakawa, Takuya; Tanokura, Masaru

doi:10.1080/09168451.2017.1313696

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…This W300 residue, of which the indole group has been called the "lock" [46], is crucial for binding the closed gate and latch loops of the receptor. Based on our modeling results and the above findings, we propose that this "lock" site stabilizes the ABI1-ACS7 complex, where the conserved tryptophan residue in ABI1 (W300) forms a water-mediated contact with ACS7, making it critical for interaction with the gate and latch loops [46,47,64,65]. These data demonstrate that the interaction interface between ABI1 and ACS7 overlaps with the PYL-PP2C interface, lending further support to a conserved mechanism of interaction between PP2Cs and their targets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Protein Phosphatases Type 2C Group A Interact with and Regulate the Stability of ACC Synthase 7 in Arabidopsis

Marczak

Cieśla

Janicki

et al. 2020

Cells

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Ethylene is an important plant hormone that controls growth, development, aging and stress responses. The rate-limiting enzymes in ethylene biosynthesis, the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthases (ACSs), are strictly regulated at many levels, including posttranslational control of protein half-life. Reversible phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events play a pivotal role as signals for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. We showed previously that ABI1, a group A protein phosphatase type 2C (PP2C) and a key negative regulator of abscisic acid signaling regulates type I ACS stability. Here we provide evidence that ABI1 also contributes to the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis via ACS7, a type III ACS without known regulatory domains. Using various approaches, we show that ACS7 interacts with ABI1, ABI2 and HAB1. We use molecular modeling to predict the amino acid residues involved in ABI1/ACS7 complex formation and confirm these predictions by mcBiFC-FRET-FLIM analysis. Using a cell-free degradation assay, we show that proteasomal degradation of ACS7 is delayed in protein extracts prepared from PP2C type A knockout plants, compared to a wild-type extract. This study therefore shows that ACS7 undergoes complex regulation governed by ABI1, ABI2 and HAB1. Furthermore, this suggests that ACS7, together with PP2Cs, plays an essential role in maintaining appropriate levels of ethylene in Arabidopsis.Cells 2020, 9, 978 2 of 20 also abbreviated as ACC synthase) to 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate (ACC). In the second step, ACC is converted to ethylene with release of carbon dioxide and cyanide by 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO). ACS is thus a crucial enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis and in all plant species is encoded by a multigene family consisting of nine members in Lycopersicon esculentum, six in Oriza sativa and 11 in poplar [7,8]. In Arabidopsis, the ACS gene family comprises 12 members, including eight genes encoding functional enzymes (ACS2, ACS4-9 and ACS11), a single inactive form of ACS1 and a pseudogene ACS3 [9].The available domain structures of the ACS isozymes allow their classification based on the presence or absence of non-catalytic C-terminal phosphorylation motifs [10]. Type I ACSs contain a C-terminal fragment that includes phosphorylation sites for both mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs). In Arabidopsis thaliana, ACS2 and ACS6 belong to type I. Type II isozymes carry only the CDPK target site, and type III isozymes lack both MAPK and CDPK sites [11,12]. In Arabidopsis, ACS4, ACS5, ACS8, ACS9 and ACS11 are type II ACSs, while there is only a single type III isozyme, ACS7.Although ACS7 lacks known regulatory domains, it still undergoes ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. The E3 ubiquitin ligase, XBAT32, initiates this process by attachment of ubiquitin to ACS7 [13,14]. XBAT32 is member of the RING domain-containing ankyrin repeat E3 ligase subfamily and was first characterized as a positive regulator of lateral root develo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Protein Phosphatases Type 2C Group A Interact with and Regulate the Stability of ACC Synthase 7 in Arabidopsis

Marczak

Cieśla

Janicki

et al. 2020

Cells

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“…Thus, when treated with mandipropamid, PYR1 MANDI -expressing transgenic plants show increased drought resistance, without affecting the endogenous ABA. Because of the recent progress in deciphering the 3D structures of plant-hormone receptors (reviewed by Miyakawa and Tanokura [404]), this orthogonal ligand-receptor strategy can now be applied to other plant hormones. For example, a recent report found that a phthalimide derivative, AC94377, acts as an agonist of the GA receptor [61].…”

Section: Achievements and Prospects Of Chemical Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical regulators of plant hormones and their applications in basic research and agriculture*

Jiang

Asami

2018

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

114

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Plant hormones are small molecules that play versatile roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. Classic methodologies, including genetics, analytic chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology, have contributed to the progress in plant hormone studies. In addition, chemical regulators of plant hormone functions have been important in such studies. Today, synthetic chemicals, including plant growth regulators, are used to study and manipulate biological systems, collectively referred to as chemical biology. Here, we summarize the available chemical regulators and their contributions to plant hormone studies. We also pose questions that remain to be addressed in plant hormone studies and that might be solved with the help of chemical regulators.

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“…Plants perceive changes in their environment and, in turn, modulate the content and distribution of a small number of metabolites, referred to as plant hormones, which serve the integration and transmission of internal signals [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. ‘Hormone’, from Greek hormān, meaning ‘to stimulate’ or ‘to set in motion’ in English, refers to small bioactive signaling molecules that can exert their action at a very low, submicromolar concentration [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Opposites Attract? Auxin-Abscisic Acid Crosstalk: New Perspectives

Ortiz‐García

Ortega-Villaizán

Onejeme

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Plants are constantly exposed to a variety of different environmental stresses, including drought, salinity, and elevated temperatures. These stress cues are assumed to intensify in the future driven by the global climate change scenario which we are currently experiencing. These stressors have largely detrimental effects on plant growth and development and, therefore, put global food security in jeopardy. For this reason, it is necessary to expand our understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which plants respond to abiotic stresses. Especially boosting our insight into the ways by which plants balance their growth and their defense programs appear to be of paramount importance, as this may lead to novel perspectives that can pave the way to increase agricultural productivity in a sustainable manner. In this review, our aim was to present a detailed overview of different facets of the crosstalk between the antagonistic plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin, two phytohormones that are the main drivers of plant stress responses, on the one hand, and plant growth, on the other.

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Structural basis for the regulation of phytohormone receptors

Cited by 6 publications

References 132 publications

Protein Phosphatases Type 2C Group A Interact with and Regulate the Stability of ACC Synthase 7 in Arabidopsis

Protein Phosphatases Type 2C Group A Interact with and Regulate the Stability of ACC Synthase 7 in Arabidopsis

Chemical regulators of plant hormones and their applications in basic research and agriculture*

Do Opposites Attract? Auxin-Abscisic Acid Crosstalk: New Perspectives

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