Structural Aspects of Defense

Moerschbacher, Bruno M.; Mendgen, Kurt

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3937-3_8

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Plant defences comprise the production of antimicrobial compounds (Field et al 2006;Hammerschmidt 1999) and proteins (van Loon et al 2006), chemical and physical changes to secondary cell walls (Mörschbacher and Mendgen 2000), and the induction of programmed cell death, known as the hypersensitive response (HR; Jabs and Slusarenko 2000). Some defence mechanisms are essentially constitutive, that is, they are always produced at a particular stage in the host's development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How can we exploit functional genomics approaches for understanding the nature of plant defences? Barley as a case study

et al. 2008

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The concept 'functional genomics' refers to the methods used for the functional characterisation of genomes. The methods utilised provide new opportunities for studying the nature and role of defence mechanisms in plants. Unlike Arabidopsis, poplar and rice, the full genomic sequence of barley is not available. In this case, the analysis of barley gene expression data plays a pivotal role for obtaining insight into the functional characterisation of individual gene products. Many genes are activated transcriptionally following attack by pathogens and these often contribute to the defence mechanisms which underlie disease resistance. The use of large-scale complementary DNA library constructions and genome-wide transcript profiles of plants exposed to biotic stress provide the data required to drive hypotheses concerning the function of newly identified genes. In this paper, we illustrate how publicly available gene expression data has proved valid for studies of plant defence responses; enabling a costeffective workflow starting from isolated gene transcripts to elucidation of biological function upon biotic stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How can we exploit functional genomics approaches for understanding the nature of plant defences? Barley as a case study

et al. 2008

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“…Parenchyma cells in abscission layers secrete suberin during the process of leaf abscission (Addicott 1945;Biggs and Stobbs 1986). Suberin makes cell walls impregnable to water (Moreschbacher and Mendger 2000) and is involved in plant defense, a function also performed by lignin and cutin (Fritig et al 1987;Moreschbacher and Mendger 2000). Suberin can form at the surface of carrot roots 4-9 days after mechanical wounding (Rittinger et al 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease progression of Sclerotinia rot of carrot, caused bySclerotinia sclerotiorum, from shoot to root before and after harvest

Foster

McDonald

Boland

2008

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Sclerotinia rot of carrot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is an economically important disease that causes yield loss in stored carrots. To examine the relationship between infection of leaves in the field and disease development in roots, the histopathology of sclerotinia rot within carrot crowns was investigated. Petioles of mature greenhouse-grown carrots were inoculated with mycelium of S. sclerotiorum. Disease progression was monitored in carrots in the greenhouse and in carrots that were harvested and placed in cold storage at 4 °C. Disease progressed more rapidly through carrot crowns in storage than in carrots in the greenhouse, and this differential reaction was associated with changes in tissue response to infection. A thick layer of cells that stained red with safranin 0 and a zone of leaf abscission were observed at the base of infected petioles of carrots that remained in the greenhouse, and these responses were associated with restricted disease progress. Cellular staining occurred rarely and leaf abscission was not detected in carrots that were harvested and placed in cold storage. These results demonstrate a possible preharvest resistance response to S. sclerotiorum in carrot, which was absent in carrots that were harvested and placed in cold-storage conditions. This study contributes to an improvement in understanding of the differential development of this disease in carrots before and after harvest.Resume : La pourriture a sch~rote de Ia carotte, causee par Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, est une maladie importante sur le plan economique a cause des pertes de carottes entreposees qu'elle occasionne. Afin d'examiner Ia relation qui existe entre !'infection des feuilles au champ et !'incidence de Ia maladie sur les racines, on a etudie l'histopathologie de Ia pourriture a sclerote dans Ia couronne de Ia carotte. Des petioles de carottes matures cultivees en serre ont ete inocules avec du mycelium de S. sclerotiorum. La progression de Ia maladie a ete suivie chez des carottes cultivees en serre et chez d'autres qui avaient ete recoltees et entreposees a 4 oc. La maladie a progresse plus rapidement dans les couronnes des carottes entreposees que dans celles des carottes cultivees en serre, et cette reaction differentielle a ete associee aux changements dans Ia reponse des tissus a !'infection. Une epaisse couche de cellules, qui se colore en rouge au contact de Ia safranine 0, ainsi qu'une zone d'abscission des feuilles ont ete observees a Ia base des petioles infectes des carottes qui n'avaient pas encore ete recoltees. Ces reactions ont ete associees a une diminution de Ia progression de Ia maladie. La coloration cellulaire se produit rarement chez les carottes stockees dans un entrepot frigoritique. Quant a !'abscission des feuilles, on ne !'a pas observee sous ces memes conditions d'entreposage. Ces resultats demontrent une possible resistance de Ia carotte a S. sclerotiorum. au Stade de Ia prerecolte, resistance qui ne se manifeste pas chez les carottes soumises aux conditions de I'entreposage ...

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“…(3) The temperature has an effect on processes involved in host defence (Bostock & Stermer, 1989) as well as in fungal pathogenesis (Å rsvoll, 1971). (4) Calcium reduces the severity of several diseases because of its effect on the composition of cell walls and their resistance to penetration by pathogens (Moerschbacher & Mendgen, 2000) and its role in early signal transduction in host-pathogen interactions (Boller & Keen, 2000). (5) In many diseases of annual crops the inoculum survives in perennial weeds or alternate hosts, and every season it is carried from them to the annual crop and other plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Rhexocercosporidium carotae on cold stored carrot roots in the Netherlands

Kastelein¹,

Stilma²,

Elderson³

et al. 2007

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Winter carrot for the fresh market is an important cash crop for many organic arable farms in the Netherlands. In recent years carrot roots from cold stores have been affected by superficial dark brown to black spots. To gain insight into the pathogens causing the blemish and the effect of agronomic practices on their occurrence, surveys were carried out among crops harvested in 2001 and 2002. In addition carrots harvested in 2003 were screened for root spotting pathogens. Rhexocercosporidium carotae (syn. Acrothecium carotae and Pseudocercosporidium carotae) was the dominant pathogen in blackish spots on carrots harvested in 2001. On carrots harvested in 2002 and 2003 Alternaria radicina was detected more frequently. Multiple regression analysis indicated that a higher occurrence of the blemish may be linked with harvest conditions and presence of umbelliferous plants. The effect of the temperature on conidial germination, mycelial growth and pathogenicity of R. carotae was studied. The estimated optimum and maximum temperature for growth of R. carotae was 19 and 29°C, respectively. Inoculation experiments demonstrated that wounds are good invasion routes. Infection occurred at 3, 10 and 20°C, but not at 30°C. Penetration into wounds was greatest at 20°C.

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Structural Aspects of Defense

Cited by 22 publications

References 106 publications

How can we exploit functional genomics approaches for understanding the nature of plant defences? Barley as a case study

How can we exploit functional genomics approaches for understanding the nature of plant defences? Barley as a case study

Disease progression of Sclerotinia rot of carrot, caused bySclerotinia sclerotiorum, from shoot to root before and after harvest

Occurrence of Rhexocercosporidium carotae on cold stored carrot roots in the Netherlands

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