We report on structural changes and the properties of
Gd1−2xPrxCaxBa2Cu3O7−δ (0≤x≤0.3)
high temperature superconductors which were prepared and characterized. The transition temperature
(Tc)
was found to decrease roughly linearly with respect to the Pr and Ca concentration
x.
65Cu2+(3d9) and
63Cu2+(3d9) ions from
impurity phase BaCuO2
give rise to X-band electron spin resonant (ESR) two-quartet absorption peaks centred at
∼310 mT (g∼2.020)
which are superposed by the broad ESR peak of
Gd3+(4f7) at
g∼2.000
in the undoped Gd123. Both sets of ESR peaks shift towards low fields as the temperature
is lowered, which is due to the change in crystal field experienced by the ions. It
should be noted here that even at 77 K there still is no magnetic ordering from
Gd3+ ions.
However, at x = 0.025
doping, a new six-peak hyperfine multiplet ESR signal arising from
141Pr4+ (4f1,S = 1/2,I = 5/2) appears
at ∼323 mT (g∼2.029). Typical simulated
ESR parameters of Gd3+
in Gd1−2xPrxCaxBa2Cu3O7−δ
at x = 0.025,
are gx = 2.4879, gy = 2.3921
and gz = 2.2590, Axx = 12.50,
Ayy = 23.50,
Azz = 32.00 G and the zero-field
splitting parameter (D)
of 66.0 G, respectively. This signal arises from some Pr ions entering the Gd site with a
valence of four, thus lending support to the hole-filling and pair-breaking models.