Structural and Stratigraphic Architecture of the Corinth Rift (Greece): An Integrated Onshore to Offshore Basin-Scale Synthesis

Rohais, Sébastien; Moretti, Isabelle

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44726-1_5

Cited by 14 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…The extension is generally interpreted as the result of a back-arc extension within the frame of the East Mediterranean subduction ( Fig. 2a, e, g. Rohais and Moretti, 2017). As the gulf is also located at the tip of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), the observed changes in subsidence and uplift are generally interpreted in relation with the propagation of the NAF.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processes and typology in Gilbert-type delta bottomset deposits based on outcrop examples in the Corinth Rift

Rubi

Rohais

Bourquin

et al. 2018

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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Middle Pleistocene Gilbert-type delta in the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, has been investigated combining field methods and photo acquisition by drone to generate a high-resolution 3D model. This study case can be used to document four different dynamics in Gilbert-type bottomset deposits, each one of which is characterized by a specific range of facies, facies associations and geometries: (1) the sandy-gravelly bottomset, (2) the erosionalbypass stage, (3) the fine-grained bottomset and (4) the massive-sandy bottomset. By comparing the typologies of the bottomset, we propose a conceptual model that predicts the occurrence of these four different bottomset stage dynamics depending on the stratigraphic context. During highstand normal regression, the gravelly bottomset develops under subcritical flow. The supercritical flow undergoes a stationary hydraulic jump in the toeset due to the slope break. As a result, a low-relief channellevees system is formed in the bottomset. The channels are filled/reworked by backstepping conglomeratic lenses interbedded with silty concave-up and concave-down levees. During normal regression, the foreset beds are steeper than during previous stage and scoured in the upper part. In the bottomset, significant erosion recording sediment bypass downstream toward the pro-delta can be observed. During lowstand normal regression, a starved fine silt to shale bottomset onlaps onto the major erosional surface. The bulk of the coarsegrained sediments is stored in the delta topset and foreset. During the transgressive to highstand stage, the former topset and foreset are eroded by high-density turbidity currents and massive-sandy turbidites are deposited in the bottomset, which onlap onto the foreset beds and form a slope apron geometry in the delta toe. The stratigraphic model improves the prediction for the sand distribution within the various parts of the bottomset. This approach is particularly relevant for clastic depositional systems with high sediment discharge and a high accommodation rate.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…0.8 Myr providing outcrops of early syn-rift sediments along a proximal to distal profile (e.g. Rohais et al, 2007;Rohais and Moretti, 2017). The uplift rate reached 1.5 mm/ yr since the late middle Pleistocene (Stewart and Vita-Finzi, 1996;Stewart, 1996).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processes and typology in Gilbert-type delta bottomset deposits based on outcrop examples in the Corinth Rift

Rubi

Rohais

Bourquin

et al. 2018

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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“…Rift Phase 2 commenced, and the Kerinitis and Selinous fan deltas formed, before activity migrated from the P-M Fault onto the Helike Fault system around ~0.8 Ma (Ford et al, 2013). This occurred as the Gulf of Corinth opened during interglacial highstands to the Ionian and Aegean seas and into its modern configuration (Freyberg, 1973;Collier, 1990;Collier and Thompson, 1991;Moretti et al, 2004;Rohais et al, 2007b;Ford et al, 2016;Nixon et al, 2016;Rohais and Moretti, 2017;Gawthorpe et al, 2017a). Lacustrine conditions prevailed during Rift 1, with a transition from episodic marine incursions to periodically fully marine conditions during Rift 2 (~0.6 Ma).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Corinth Rift was activated at ~5 Ma (Collier and Dart, 1991;Leeder et al, 2008) and currently accommodates extension rates of up to 5-10 mm/year across the Gulf of Corinth (Clarke et al, 1997;Briole et al, 2000;Avallone et al, 2004;Floyd et al, 2010). The locus of faulting on the southern coast of the present gulf has migrated northwards over time (Goldsworthy and Jackson, 2001;Leeder et al, 2008;Ford et al, 2013Ford et al, , 2016Nixon et al, 2016), recording two major rifting phases (Rohais and Moretti, 2017;Gawthorpe et al, 2017a). Rift 1 occurred from 5-3.6 Ma to 2.2-1.8 Ma, and strain was accommodated on the present-day onshore faults.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lacustrine conditions prevailed during Rift 1, with a transition from episodic marine incursions to periodically fully marine conditions during Rift 2 (~0.6 Ma). This occurred as the Gulf of Corinth opened during interglacial highstands to the Ionian and Aegean seas and into its modern configuration (Freyberg, 1973;Collier, 1990;Collier and Thompson, 1991;Moretti et al, 2004;Rohais et al, 2007b;Ford et al, 2016;Nixon et al, 2016;Rohais and Moretti, 2017;Gawthorpe et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Syn‐rift delta interfan successions: Archives of sedimentation and basin evolution

Barrett

Gawthorpe

Collier

et al. 2019

The Depositional Record

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Models that aim to capture the interactions between sediment supply, base level and tectonism recorded in fan delta successions in rift basins have not considered the stratigraphic archive preserved in interfan areas; yet interfan stratigraphy can provide a complementary record to the fan delta axes. The exhumed Early-Middle Pleistocene Kerinitis and Selinous fan deltas, in the hangingwall of the Pyrgaki-Mamoussia (P-M) Fault, Corinth Rift, Greece, offer an ideal laboratory for the assessment of interfan architecture. Furthermore, using the geometry of adjacent present-day fan deltas, interfans are classified into three end-members. The classification is based on their lateral separation, which determines the degree of interfingering of topset, foreset and bottomset deposits. Qualitative (facies, stratal geometries, nature of key surfaces) and quantitative (stratigraphic thickness, bedding dip, palaeocurrents, breakpoint trajectories) data were collected in the field and from unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry-based 3D outcrop models of the exhumed fan delta successions. The ancient Kerinitis-Selinous interfan architectures record: (a) initial westward progradation of the Kerinitis fan delta into the interfan area (Phase 1), (b) subsequent progradation of the Selinous fan delta into the interfan area and asymmetric growth of both fan deltas eastward (Phase 2), (c) stratal interfingering of foresets from both systems (Phase 3), and (d) relative base-level fall, erosion and reworking of sediments into the interfan area (Phases 4 and 5). The Kerinitis-Selinous interfan evolution is linked to initial net subsidence of the P-M Fault (Phases 1-3) and subsequent net uplift (Phases 4 and 5) resulting from a northward shift in fault activity. Theinterfan area provides a more complete stratigraphic record than the proximal axial areas of the fan deltas of the early stages of basin uplift, through higher preservation potential and protracted submergence. Therefore, for the most comprehensive insight into basin evolution, interfan analysis should be undertaken in concert with analysis of the fan delta axes. K E Y W O R D SBasin evolution, fan delta, interfan, stratigraphy, syn-rift. |

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Pliocene–Pleistocene sedimentary development of the syntectonic Polis graben, NW Cyprus: evidence from facies analysis, nannofossil biochronology and strontium isotope dating

et al. 2018

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The recently uplifted and exposed Pliocene and Pleistocene sedimentary infill of the neotectonic Polis graben provides an excellent opportunity to understand extensional basin development in a marine setting. Fieldwork, facies analysis and dating using nannofossils and strontium isotopes reveal how the sedimentary conditions evolved during infill of the Polis graben during Pliocene and Pleistocene time, and allow a composite succession for the depocentre to be determined for the first time. Six lithofacies are recognized in the northern Polis graben, allowing evolving palaeoenvironments to be inferred. By the end of Miocene time (Messinian) a major c. N–S-trending graben was established; extensional faulting continued during the Pliocene–Pleistocene until recent time. Post-Messinian salinity crisis deposition began with deposition of hemipelagic muds (c. 5.08–2.76 Ma), equivalent to the Nicosia Formation. This was followed by upwards incoming of repeated normal-graded bioclastic carbonates (couplets) (c. 2.76–1.6 Ma), which are interpreted as age-equivalents of the Athalassa Formation elsewhere in Cyprus. The upwards sudden facies change is explained by tectonically controlled shallowing which enabled neritic carbonate production on the basin margins. The appearance of basement-derived material (e.g. ophiolitic extrusive detritus) in the highest stratigraphic levels of the basin fill in the north (c. 1.7–1.6 Ma) reflects onset of rapid surface uplift focused on the Troodos ophiolitic massif. Overall, the syntectonic basin infill appears to document a two-stage, pulsed uplift related to early-stage collision of the African and Eurasian plates in the easternmost Mediterranean region.

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Structural and Stratigraphic Architecture of the Corinth Rift (Greece): An Integrated Onshore to Offshore Basin-Scale Synthesis

Cited by 14 publications

References 144 publications

Processes and typology in Gilbert-type delta bottomset deposits based on outcrop examples in the Corinth Rift

Processes and typology in Gilbert-type delta bottomset deposits based on outcrop examples in the Corinth Rift

Syn‐rift delta interfan successions: Archives of sedimentation and basin evolution

Pliocene–Pleistocene sedimentary development of the syntectonic Polis graben, NW Cyprus: evidence from facies analysis, nannofossil biochronology and strontium isotope dating

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