“…The unnormalized absorption spectra of the present glass samples doped with Er 3+ are shown in Figure and that of base glass (0 mol.% Er 2 O 3 ) in inset Figure (a). The spectra observed show characteristic peaks at 450, 488, 522, 543, 653, 797, 978, and 1526 nm, which correspond to 4f‐4f transitions of Er 3+ ions from ground state 4 I 15/2 to the excited states 4 F 5/2 , 4 F 7/2 , 2 H 11/2 , 4 S 3/2 , 4 F 9/2 , 4 I 9/2 , 4 I 11/2 , and 4 I 13/2 respectively . The absorption band positions and corresponding transitions are summarized in Table .…”