Structural and sociodemographic constraints

Waitt, Gordon R

doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(97)00004-2

Annals of Tourism Research

1997

DOI: 10.1016/s0160-7383(97)00004-2

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Structural and sociodemographic constraints

Gordon R Waitt

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2007

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Cited by 4 publications

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“…Crompton (1979) describes these constraints as situational inhibitors. Socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, income, and marital status are also frequently used in tourism literature to explain travel constraints (Burnett and Baker 2001;Smith 1887;Waitt 1997). However, most of these situational inhibitors and socio-demographicrelated obstacles are atheoretical and assume that constraints are immovable, static, and obstacles to participation (Jackson 2005).…”

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Understanding Travel Constraints: Application and Extension of a Leisure Constraints Model

Nyaupane

Andereck

2007

Journal of Travel Research

277

193

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which is about 40% of worldwide international tourist arrivals (World Tourism Organization 2006).There has been an abundance of research conducted on constraints in a wide variety of leisure contexts including outdoor recreation and general leisure participation; however, there is little understanding as to why some people do not travel (Peterson and Lambert 2002). In a large sample of the U.S. population, Peterson and Lambert (2002) discovered that more than 40% of adults did not take a vacation in the past 12 months. Peterson and Lambert suggested that the theoretical foundation based on leisure constraints can have a wider application in understanding non-travelers. Although leisure constraints theory could be valuable in a travel and tourism context, it needs further examination within the broader body of travel and tourism behavior research (Gilbert and Hudson 2000), as leisure travel is fundamentally different from other general leisure activities, requiring longer time commitments and more money. This study employs and extends a leisure constraints model to examine the reasons that keep people from traveling. LEISURE CONSTRAINTSIn the past three decades, a growing number of research studies on constraints to leisure activity participation have emerged. A leisure constraints model, originally proposed by Crawford and Godbey (1987) and further elaborated by Crawford, Jackson, and Godbey (1991), has made a significant contribution. The model explains that an individual's desire to participate in leisure-related activities is inhibited by three dimensions of constraints: intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural. Intrapersonal constraints are individual psychological states and attributes that affect preference, rather than intervening between preference and participation, and

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confidence: 99%

Understanding Travel Constraints: Application and Extension of a Leisure Constraints Model

Nyaupane

Andereck

2007

Journal of Travel Research

277

193

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Behind the invisible walls: Understanding constraints on Muslim solo female travel

Nematpour,

Oshriyeh,

Ghaffari

2024

Tourism Management Perspectives

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Chinese Urban Mature Travelers' Motivation and Constraints by Decision Autonomy

Hsu¹,

Kang

2009

Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing

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Structural and sociodemographic constraints

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Understanding Travel Constraints: Application and Extension of a Leisure Constraints Model

Understanding Travel Constraints: Application and Extension of a Leisure Constraints Model

Behind the invisible walls: Understanding constraints on Muslim solo female travel

Chinese Urban Mature Travelers' Motivation and Constraints by Decision Autonomy

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