“…Many texturization technique studies have been conducted in recent years, which were classified into five groups: single screw extrusion (SSE), twin screw extrusion (TSE), shear/Couette cell (SC), spinning (S), and mixing/other methods (M/O). For thermal–mechanical processing, high moisture extrusion technology has become a popular method compared to other texturizing methods due to its lower energy consumption, lack of waste to be disposed of, high efficiency, and higher textured product quality [ 14 , 21 , 24 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 59 , 101 , 112 ]. In the past, the production of TVP, which often has a lower moisture content, was mostly done using single-screw extruders [ 81 , 96 , 99 , 103 ].…”