Structural and Pragmatic Language Impairments in Children Evaluated for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Reindal, Lise; Nærland, Terje; Weidle, Bernhard; Lydersen, Stian; Andreassen, Ole A.; Sund, Anne Mari

doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04853-1

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…Analyses of group differences in children and parents controlled for child non-verbal mental age, expressive and receptive vocabulary, and mean length of utterance (MLU), given significant differences across groups and because of the impact of general cognition and structural language on pragmatic abilities [e.g., ( 74 )]. There were no significant differences in parental education across groups where data were available ( n = 55; ps > 0.80) and thus this was not included as a covariate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal Study of Parent-Child Interactions and Language Outcomes in Fragile X Syndrome and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders

et al. 2021

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Difficulties with pragmatic language (i.e., language in social contexts, such as conversational ability) are a noted characteristic of the language profiles of both fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), conditions which show significant phenotypic overlap. Understanding the origins and developmental course of pragmatic language problems in FXS and other developmental conditions associated with language impairment is a critical step for the development of targeted interventions to promote communicative competence across the lifespan. This study examined pragmatic language in the context of parent-child interactions in school-age children with FXS (who did and did not meet ASD criteria on the ADOS; n = 85), idiopathic ASD (n = 32), Down syndrome (DS; n = 38), and typical development (TD; n = 39), and their parents. Parent-child communicative interactions were examined across multiple contexts, across groups, and in relationship to pragmatic language outcomes assessed 2 years later. Results showed both overlapping and divergent patterns across the FXS-ASD and idiopathic ASD child and parent groups, and also highlighted key differences in pragmatic profiles based on situational context, with more pragmatic language difficulties occurring for both ASD groups in less structured interactions. Differences in parental language styles during parent-child interactions were associated with child language outcomes, likely reflecting the complex interplay of discourse style inherent to a parent, with the inevitable influence of child characteristics on parent language as well. Together, findings help delineate the dynamic and multifactorial nature of impaired pragmatic skills among children with FXS and other neurodevelopmental disorders associated with language impairment, with potential implications for the development of targeted interventions for pragmatic communication skills.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal Study of Parent-Child Interactions and Language Outcomes in Fragile X Syndrome and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders

et al. 2021

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“…Some children with autism start speaking between the age of 5 and 7, and a few fail to learn a language by the age of 13 years. Early delay in speech and language is more prevalent in male children [ 42 , 43 ]. Alzheimer’s disease is initiated by memory loss, followed by the inability to use language in communication and social interaction.…”

Section: Shared Symptoms Of Asd and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptomatic, Genetic, and Mechanistic Overlaps between Autism and Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2021

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders affecting two opposite ends of life span, i.e., childhood and old age. Both disorders pose a cumulative threat to human health, with the rate of incidences increasing considerably worldwide. In the context of recent developments, we aimed to review correlated symptoms and genetics, and overlapping aspects in the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of ASD and AD. Dementia, insomnia, and weak neuromuscular interaction, as well as communicative and cognitive impairments, are shared symptoms. A number of genes and proteins linked with both disorders have been tabulated, including MECP2, ADNP, SCN2A, NLGN, SHANK, PTEN, RELN, and FMR1. Theories about the role of neuron development, processing, connectivity, and levels of neurotransmitters in both disorders have been discussed. Based on the recent literature, the roles of FMRP (Fragile X mental retardation protein), hnRNPC (heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein-C), IRP (Iron regulatory proteins), miRNAs (MicroRNAs), and α-, β0, and γ-secretases in the posttranscriptional regulation of cellular synthesis and processing of APP (amyloid-β precursor protein) have been elaborated to describe the parallel and overlapping routes and mechanisms of ASD and AD pathogenesis. However, the interactive role of genetic and environmental factors, oxidative and metal ion stress, mutations in the associated genes, and alterations in the related cellular pathways in the development of ASD and AD needs further investigation.

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“…A medium to large correlation has been found in TD children (Matthews et al, 2018 ; Wilson & Bishop, 2021 ). There is also a growing evidence supporting that structural language deficits were common and associated with reduced pragmatic competence in children with LI and ASD (Baixauli-Fortea et al, 2019 ; Greenslade et al, 2019 ; Levinson et al, 2020 ; Reindal et al, 2021 ). Subsequent studies should focus on the interactions between the two domains and compare how the reciprocal relationships are manifested in children with or without neurodevelopmental disorders.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Early Pragmatics in Typically Developing Children and Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Wong

Lee

Tsze

et al. 2021

J Autism Dev Disord

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This study examined the early pragmatic language skills in typically developing (TD) preschool-age children, children with language impairment (LI) and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Two hundred and sixty-two TD children, 73 children with LI, and 16 children with ASD were compared on early pragmatics through direct assessment (DA). Post hoc analysis revealed that children in two clinical groups displayed significant pragmatic language deficits. Children in the ASD group who were older exhibited comparable degree of impairments as their LI peers, suggesting a relatively stagnant development of pragmatic language skills in children with ASD. Findings also supported the use of DA in identifying pragmatic language deficits, which have implications for the adoption of this assessment approach in clinical settings.

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Structural and Pragmatic Language Impairments in Children Evaluated for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Cited by 38 publications

References 63 publications

A Longitudinal Study of Parent-Child Interactions and Language Outcomes in Fragile X Syndrome and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A Longitudinal Study of Parent-Child Interactions and Language Outcomes in Fragile X Syndrome and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Symptomatic, Genetic, and Mechanistic Overlaps between Autism and Alzheimer’s Disease

Comparing Early Pragmatics in Typically Developing Children and Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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