Structural and mutational analyses of Aes, an inhibitor of MalT inEscherichia coli

Abstract

The acyl esterase Aes effectively inhibits the transcriptional activity of MalT-the central activator of maltose and maltodextrin utilizing genes in Escherichia coli. To provide better insight into the nature of the interaction between Aes and MalT, we determined two different crystal structures of Aes-in its native form and covalently modified by a phenylmethylsulfonyl moiety at its active site serine. Both structures show distinct space groups and were refined to a resolution of 1.8 Å and 2.3 Å, respectively. The overall structure of Aes resembles a canonical α/β-hydrolase fold, which is extended by a funnel-like cap structure that forms the substrate-binding site. The catalytic triad of Aes, comprising residues Ser165, His292, and Asp262, is located at the bottom of this funnel. Analysis of the crystal-packing contacts of the two different space groups as well as analytical size-exclusion chromatography revealed a homodimeric arrangement of Aes. The Aes dimer adopts an antiparallel contact involving both the hydrolase core and the cap, with its twofold axis perpendicular to the largest dimension of Aes. To identify the surface area of Aes that is responsible for the interaction with MalT, we performed a structure-based alanine-scanning mutagenesis to pinpoint Aes residues that are significantly impaired in MalT inhibition, but still exhibit wild-type expression and enzymatic activity. These residues map to a shallow slightly concave surface patch of Aes at the opposite site of the dimerization interface and indicate the surface area that interacts with MalT.

Structural insights into the substrate specificity of two esterases from the thermophilic Rhizomucor miehei

“…Esterases often show broad substrate spectrum and are widely used as biocatalysts for the synthesis of important materials in pharmaceutical and chemical industries ( 4 ). Although some esterase structures have been determined in recent years ( 5 , 19 , 30 – 34 ), no HSL esterase structure from a filamentous fungus has ever been reported. Here, we describe the structures of two HSL esterases from R. miehei , Rm EstA and Rm EstB, and elucidate the mechanism governing their different substrate specificities.…”

Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases in Bacteria: Active Site, Structure, Function and Application

“…Clan A 1C7I [19], 1EVQ [44], 1L7A, 1Q0R [171], 2R11, 2XLB [113], 2XUA [122], 3FAK [26], 3FCY, 3GA7, 3K6K, 4CCW [53], 4CCY [53], 4CG1 [161], 4EB0, 4KRX [35], 4OB7 [36] Clan B 1CVL [69], 1ESC [20], 1EX9 [70], 1JI3 [74], 1KU0 [75], 1QGE, 1YS1 [79], 2DSN [80], 2HIH [82], 2W22 [88], 3AUK, 4FDM [96], 4FKB, 4HS9 [211], 4HYQ [141], 4X6U [99] Clan C 1AUO [43], 1TQH [46], 1ZI8 [151], 3CN9 [48], 3F67, 3IA2 [67], 3RLI [119], 4ETW [170], 4F21 [34], 4FHZ [54], 4NMW, 4U2D [153], 4UHC [57] Clan D 3DR2 [117] Clan E N/A…”

“…In addition, their potency for industrial application is discussed. [19], 1ESC [20], 1ESD [20], 1ESE [20], 1QE3 [19], 2A7M [21], 2WAA [22], 2WYL [23], 2WYM [23], 3DHA [24], 3DHB [24], 3DHC [24], 3DNM [25], 3F67, 3FAK [26], 3G9T, 3G9U, 3G9Z, 3GA7, 3H17 [27], 3H18 [27], 3H19, 3H1A, 3H1B, 3H2G [28], 3H2H [28], 3H2I [28], 3H2J [28], 3H2K [28], 3I2F [29], 3I2G [29], 3I2H [29], 3I2I [29], 3I2J [29], 3I2K [29], 3IDA [30], 3K6K, 3L1H, 3L1I, 3L1J, 3LS2 1 [31], 3PF8 [32], 3PF9 [32], 3PFB [32], 3PFC [32], 3PUH [33], 3PUI [33], 3QM1 [32], 3S2Z [32], 4F21 [34], 4KRX [35], 4KRY [35], 4OB6 [36], 4OB7 [36], 4OB8 [36], 5A2G [37], 5HC0 [38], 5HC2 [38], 5HC3 [38], 5HC4 …”

Bacterial Hormone-Sensitive Lipases (bHSLs): Emerging Enzymes for Biotechnological Applications

“…These oligomers are further classified as subtype 1 and subtype 2 based on the differences in the dimeric interfaces [41]. In Aes, the two α-helices in the catalytic domain appear to be major factors in facilitating dimerization [93]. In EstE1, two residues of Val and Phe were identified to be important for its dimerization [71].…”