Structural and morphological characterization of sol-gel ZnO:Ga films: Effect of annealing temperatures

Ivanova, T.; Harizanova, A.; Koutzarova, T.; Vertruyen, Bénédicte; Stefanov, B.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2017.11.042

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This can be interpreted in terms of the large difference between atomic and ionic radii of Zn atoms and In atoms (atomic and ionic radii of 156 pm and 76 pm). Furthermore, Al-doped ZnO and Ga-doped ZnO thin films are found to exhibit all ZnO diffraction peaks at (100), (002), and (101) diffraction planes, in good agreement with the findings of [5,71,72] and T. Ivanova et al [73]. In addition, XRD patterns revealed that all crystallographic orientations are shifted into small Bragg's angles, that could be explained in terms of the difference between atomic and ionic radii of Zn atoms and Al atoms (atomic and ionic radii of 118 pm and 53 pm) and Ga atoms (atomic and ionic radii of 136 pm and 61 pm).…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

Structural, Optoelectrical, Linear, and Nonlinear Optical Characterizations of Dip-Synthesized Undoped ZnO and Group III Elements (B, Al, Ga, and In)-Doped ZnO Thin Films

et al. 2020

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Undoped ZnO and group III (B, Al, Ga, and In)-doped ZnO thin films at 3% doping concentration level are dip-coated on glass substrates using a sol-gel technique. The optical properties of the as-prepared thin films are investigated using UV–Vis spectrophotometer measurements. Transmittance of all investigated thin films is found to attain high values of ≥80% in the visible region. We found that the index of refraction of undoped ZnO films exhibits values ranging between 1.6 and 2.2 and approximately match that of bulk ZnO. Furthermore, we measure and interpret nonlinear optical parameters and the electrical and optical conductivities of the investigated thin films to obtain a deeper insight from fundamental and practical points of view. In addition, the structural properties of all studied thin film samples are investigated using the XRD technique. In particular, undoped ZnO thin film is found to exhibit a hexagonal structure. Due to the large difference in size of boron and indium compared with that of zinc, doping ZnO thin films with these two elements is expected to cause a phase transition. However, Al-doped ZnO and Ga-doped ZnO thin films preserve the hexagonal phase. Moreover, as boron and indium are introduced in ZnO thin films, the grain size increases. On the other hand, grain size is found to decrease upon doping ZnO with aluminum and gallium. The drastic enhancement of optical properties of annealed dip-synthesized undoped ZnO thin films upon doping with group III metals paves the way to tune these properties in a skillful manner, in order to be used as key candidate materials in the fabrication of modern optoelectronic devices.

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Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

Structural, Optoelectrical, Linear, and Nonlinear Optical Characterizations of Dip-Synthesized Undoped ZnO and Group III Elements (B, Al, Ga, and In)-Doped ZnO Thin Films

et al. 2020

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“…Another advantage of sol-gel coatings can be the ability to undergo annealing in a furnace to further stabilize the deposited layers with less deep thermal cracks, which cause discontinuity and less protection [52]. Compared to the thermal coating processes, there is no significant change in the composition of the deposited layer of coating.…”

Section: Bioactive Materials Deposition Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coating Techniques for Functional Enhancement of Metal Implants for Bone Replacement: A Review

2019

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To facilitate patient healing in injuries and bone fractures, metallic implants have been in use for a long time. As metallic biomaterials have offered desirable mechanical strength higher than the stiffness of human bone, they have maintained their place. However, in many case studies, it has been observed that these metallic biomaterials undergo a series of corrosion reactions in human body fluid. The products of these reactions are released metallic ions, which are toxic in high dosages. On the other hand, as these metallic implants have different material structures and compositions than that of human bone, the process of healing takes a longer time and bone/implant interface forms slower. To resolve this issue, researchers have proposed depositing coatings, such as hydroxyapatite (HA), polycaprolactone (PCL), metallic oxides (e.g., TiO2, Al2O3), etc., on implant substrates in order to enhance bone/implant interaction while covering the substrate from corrosion. Due to many useful HA characteristics, the outcome of various studies has proved that after coating with HA, the implants enjoy enhanced corrosion resistance and less metallic ion release while the bone ingrowth has been increased. As a result, a significant reduction in patient healing time with less loss of mechanical strength of implants has been achieved. Some of the most reliable coating processes for biomaterials, to date, capable of depositing HA on implant substrate are known as sol-gel, high-velocity oxy-fuel-based deposition, plasma spraying, and electrochemical coatings. In this article, all these coating methods are categorized and investigated, and a comparative study of these techniques is presented.

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“…Alternative TCO materials with substituted or reduced use of indium having desired opto-electrical characteristics are being developed through vacuum-intensive physical vapor deposition methods like magnetron sputtering [12], radio frequency [13], and direct current [14,15] sputtering along with atomic layer deposition [16], aerosol assisted [17], atmospheric pressure [18], and chemical vapor deposition methods. These electrodes are also obtained through solution processes like spin-coating [19,20], dip-coating [21], and spray pyrolysis [22][23][24]. With ever-increasing market for transparent electrodes, search for alternative materials to sustain demands is on a continuous rise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution Combustion Synthesis of Transparent Conducting Thin Films for Sustainable Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2020

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Sunlight is arguably the most promising continuous and cheap alternative sustainable energy source available at almost all living places of the human world. Photovoltaics (PV) is a process of direct conversion of sunlight into electricity and has become a technology of choice for sustainable production of cleaner and safer energy. The solar cell is the main component of any PV technology and transparent conducting oxides (TCO) comprising wide band gap semiconductors are an essential component of every PV technology. In this research, transparent conducting thin films were prepared by solution combustion synthesis of metal oxide nitrates wherein the use of indium is substituted or reduced. Individual 0.5 M indium, gallium and zinc oxide source solutions were mixed in ratios of 1:9 and 9:1 to obtain precursor solutions. Indium-rich IZO (A1), zinc-rich IZO (B1), gallium-rich GZO (C1) and zinc-rich GZO (D1) thin films were prepared through spin coating deposition. In the case of A1 and B1 thin films, electrical resistivity obtained was 3.4 × 10−3 Ω-cm and 7.9 × 10−3 Ω-cm, respectively. While C1 films remained insulating, D1 films showed an electrical resistivity of 1.3 × 10−2 Ω-cm. The optical transmittance remained more than 80% in visible for all films. Films with necessary transparent conducting properties were applied in an all solution-processed solar cell device and then characterized. The efficiency of 1.66%, 2.17%, and 0.77% was obtained for A1, B1, and D1 TCOs, respectively, while 6.88% was obtained using commercial fluorine doped SnO2: (FTO) TCO. The results are encouraging for the preparation of indium-free TCOs towards solution-processed thin-film photovoltaic devices. It is also observed that better filtration of precursor solutions and improving surface roughness would further reduce sheet resistance and improve solar cell efficiency.

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Structural and morphological characterization of sol-gel ZnO:Ga films: Effect of annealing temperatures

Cited by 25 publications

References 51 publications

Structural, Optoelectrical, Linear, and Nonlinear Optical Characterizations of Dip-Synthesized Undoped ZnO and Group III Elements (B, Al, Ga, and In)-Doped ZnO Thin Films

Structural, Optoelectrical, Linear, and Nonlinear Optical Characterizations of Dip-Synthesized Undoped ZnO and Group III Elements (B, Al, Ga, and In)-Doped ZnO Thin Films

Coating Techniques for Functional Enhancement of Metal Implants for Bone Replacement: A Review

Solution Combustion Synthesis of Transparent Conducting Thin Films for Sustainable Photovoltaic Applications

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