Structural and Magnetic Properties of Co‒Mn Codoped ZnO Nanoparticles Obtained by Microwave Solvothermal Synthesis

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles codoped with Co2+ and Mn2+ ions (Zn(1−x−y)MnxCoyO NPs) were obtained for the first time by microwave solvothermal synthesis. The nominal content of Co2+ and Mn2+ in Zn(1−x−y)MnxCoyO NPs was x = y = 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 mol % (the amount of both ions was equal). The precursors were obtained by dissolving zinc acetate dihydrate, manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate and cobalt (II) acetate tetrahydrate in ethylene glycol. The morphology, phase purity, lattice parameters, dopants content, skeleton density, specific surface area, average particle size, average crystallite size, crystallite size distribution and magnetic properties of NPs were determined. The real content of dopants was up to 25.0% for Mn2+ and 80.5% for Co2+ of the nominal content. The colour of the samples changed from white to dark olive green in line with the increasing doping level. Uniform spherical NPs with wurtzite structure were obtained. The average size of NPs decreased from 29 nm to 21 nm in line with the increase in the dopant content. Brillouin type paramagnetism and an antiferromagnetic interaction between the magnetic ions was found for all samples, except for that with 15 mol % doping level, where a small ferromagnetic contribution was found. A review of the preparation methods of Co2+ and Mn2+ codoped ZnO is presented.

Facile Chemical Synthesis of Doped ZnO Nanocrystals Exploiting Oleic Acid

“…Additionally, imposing magnetic behavior on the ZnO-NCs would result useful in the direction of bioimaging applications [9]. Doping of ZnO with magnetic transition metals such as Mn, Ni, Fe, Co, Sb, and Cr was introduced with the aim of tuning the optical, magnetic, electrical, or piezoelectric properties of ZnO [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Actually, the term "doped" stands for incorporating impurities, i.e., ions, in the host lattice and eventually modifying the properties of the host, as mentioned above.…”

A Comparative Study of Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Fe-ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Precipitation and Microwave Method for Photovoltaic Applications

“…The obtained values of fit parameters from the analysis are in Tables 1, 2 Lattice parameters a and c along with the c/a ratio of nanoparticles prepared by precipitation method are displayed in Table 1. From the results presented in Table 1, it can be inferred that the c/a ratio is close to 1.6330 for the ideal close-packed hexagonal structure [41]. Lattice parameters a and c decreases by 5% and then increase by 10% and 15% Fe-ZnO nanoparticles compared to pure ZnO nanoparticles.…”

A Review of Microwave Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials: Reactants, Process Parameters and Morphologies

“…Microwave solvothermal synthesis of ZnO nanocomposites or ZnO hybrid nanostructures without any additional heat treatment, where the literature review results [ 798 , 799 , 800 , 801 , 802 , 803 , 804 , 805 , 806 , 807 , 808 , 809 , 810 , 811 , 812 , 813 , 814 , 815 , 816 , 817 , 818 , 819 , 820 , 821 , 822 ] are summarised in Table 11.…”

“…The most popular organic solvents used for the microwave solvothermal synthesis of ZnO according to the data derived from the literature review [ 758 , 759 , 760 , 761 , 762 , 763 , 764 , 765 , 766 , 767 , 768 , 769 , 770 , 771 , 772 , 773 , 774 , 775 , 776 , 777 , 778 , 779 , 780 , 781 , 782 , 783 , 784 , 785 , 786 , 787 , 788 , 789 , 790 , 791 , 792 , 793 , 794 , 795 , 796 , 797 , 798 , 799 , 800 , 801 , 802 , 803 , 804 , 805 , …”

“…The microwave solvothermal synthesis enables obtaining: ZnO doped with the following ions: Al 3+ [ 811 , 814 , 815 ], Co 2+ [ 232 , 798 , 799 , 800 , 801 , 808 , 809 , 810 , 812 , 833 , 834 , 835 ], Cr 3+ [ 232 , 809 ], Fe 2+ [ 232 , 810 , 836 ], Ga 3+ [ 815 ], In 3+ [ 811 ], Mg 2+ [ 817 ], Mn 2+ [ 232 , 802 , 804 , 809 , 810 , 812 , 837 ], Ni 2+ [ 232 , 809 , 810 , 813 ] and V 5+ [ 810 ]. ZnO co-doped with the following ions: Co 2+ –Mn 2+ [ 803 ] and Al 3+ –Ga 3+ [ 815 ]. ZnO composites or ZnO hybrid structures: Ag–ZnO [ 181 , 805 , …”