MinD is a widely conserved ATPase that has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in selection of the division site in eubacteria and chloroplasts. It is a member of the large ParA superfamily of ATPases that are characterized by a deviant Walker-type ATP-binding motif. MinD localizes to the cytoplasmic face of the inner membrane in Escherichia coli, and its association with the inner membrane is a prerequisite for membrane recruitment of the septation inhibitor MinC. However, the mechanism by which MinD associates with the membrane has proved enigmatic; it seems to lack a transmembrane domain and the amino acid sequence is devoid of hydrophobic tracts that might predispose the protein to interaction with lipids. In this study, we show that the extreme C-terminal region of MinD contains a highly conserved 8-to 12-residue sequence motif that is essential for membrane localization of the protein. We provide evidence that this motif forms an amphipathic helix that most likely mediates a direct interaction between MinD and membrane phospholipids. A model is proposed whereby the membrane-targeting motif mediates the rapid cycles of membrane attachment-release-reattachment that are presumed to occur during pole-to-pole oscillation of MinD in E. coli. D uring vegetative growth, most bacteria form a division septum at the center of the cell by coordinated ingrowth of the cytoplasmic membrane, the rigid murein (peptidoglycan) layer, and, in Gram-negative bacteria, the outer membrane of the cell envelope (1). In the rod-shaped bacterium Escherichia coli, placement of the division septum is negatively regulated by the three proteins encoded by the minB operon: MinC, MinD, and MinE (2, 3). MinC and MinD act in concert to form a global division inhibitor whose activity is restricted to polar sites by MinE (2). Studies of GFP-labeled Min proteins have revealed that they undergo a complex bipolar oscillation that causes the time-averaged concentration of the MinC-MinD division inhibitor to be lowest at midcell (4-8). This dynamic distribution of MinC-MinD makes midcell the preferred site for construction of a circumferential ring of polymerized FtsZ, which is the initiating event in bacterial cytokinesis (9).MinD is the best conserved and most widely distributed of the Min proteins, being found in all domains of life (eubacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes). It is a member of the ParA superfamily of ATPases, most of which (apart from the MinD subgroup) are involved in plasmid or chromosome partitioning (10-12). The ATPase activity of MinD is presumed to provide the driving force for pole-to-pole oscillation of the MinC-MinD division inhibitor (13,14). This activity is stimulated by MinE but only in the presence of phospholipids (13,14). MinD is a peripheral membrane protein (10), and its association with the inner membrane is a prerequisite for subsequent recruitment of both MinC and MinE to the membrane. However, the mechanism by which MinD associates with the inner membrane and subsequently recruits MinC and MinE remains enig...