Structural and functional comparison of Saccharomonospora azurea strains in terms of primycin producing ability

Abstract

Emerging and re-emerging microbial pathogens, together with their rapid evolution and adaptation against antibiotics, highlight the importance not only of screening for new antimicrobial agents, but also for deepening knowledge about existing antibiotics. Primycin is a large 36-membered non-polyene macrolide lactone exclusively produced by Saccharomonospora azurea. This study provides information about strain dependent primycin production ability in conjunction with the structural, functional and comparative genomic examinations. Comparison of high- and low-primycin producer strains, transcriptomic analysis identified a total of 686 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), classified into diverse Cluster of Orthologous Groups. Among them, genes related to fatty acid synthesis, self-resistance, regulation of secondary metabolism and agmatinase encoding gene responsible for catalyze conversion between guanidino/amino forms of primycin were discussed. Based on in silico data mining methods, we were able to identify DEGs whose altered expression provide a good starting point for the optimization of fermentation processes, in order to perform targeted strain improvement and rational drug design.

Taxogenomic and Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Genus Saccharomonospora Focused on the Identification of Biosynthetic Clusters PKS and NRPS

“…In this study we also focused on the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in the genome of the analyzed strains of Saccharomonospora . Only a few previous reports mining BGCs in this genus have been published so far ( Yamanaka et al, 2014 ; Schorn et al, 2016 ; Reynolds et al, 2018 ; Kovács et al, 2020 ), which investigated the genomes of Saccharomonospora sp. CNQ-490, Saccharomonospora sp.…”

“…Most important, several BGCs showed no match to any already discovered compound or had a low similarity to known molecules, in particular clusters related to the synthesis of acarviostatin I03/acarviostatin II03/acarviostatin III03/acarviostatin IV03, allocyclinone, amycolamycin A/amycolamycin B, anthracimycin, apoptolidin, arsenopolyketides, collismycin A, concanamycin A, desosamine, ebelactone, ECO-02301, enduracidin, ficellomycin, friulimicin, herboxidiene, hygrocin A/hygrocin B, indanomycin, kedarcidin, mediomycin A, octacosamicin, oxazolomycin, PM100117/PM100118, rabelomycin, ralsolamycin, retimycin, sanglifehrin A, selvamicin, skyllamycin and tiancimycin, which shared less than 50% of the genes with the BGCs in the MIBiG database ( Table 3 ), and they are probably involved in the synthesis of new bioactive compounds with promising clinical and biotechnological applications. In spite of the large genomic potential of Saccharomonospora BGCs to synthetize bioactive molecules, a literature search shows that only a few bioactive compounds (primycin, taromycin, and saccharomonopyrones A-C) have been isolated so far from members of the genus Saccharomonospora ( Yamanaka et al, 2014 ; Yim et al, 2017 ; Reynolds et al, 2018 ; Kovács et al, 2020 ) and, therefore, a more comprehensive screening to isolate more biomolecules that can be synthetized by members of this genus should be carried out. Primycin is known to be produced only by strains of the species S. azurea ( Kovács et al, 2020 ), which coincides with our genomic data ( Table 3 ).…”

“…In spite of the large genomic potential of Saccharomonospora BGCs to synthetize bioactive molecules, a literature search shows that only a few bioactive compounds (primycin, taromycin, and saccharomonopyrones A-C) have been isolated so far from members of the genus Saccharomonospora ( Yamanaka et al, 2014 ; Yim et al, 2017 ; Reynolds et al, 2018 ; Kovács et al, 2020 ) and, therefore, a more comprehensive screening to isolate more biomolecules that can be synthetized by members of this genus should be carried out. Primycin is known to be produced only by strains of the species S. azurea ( Kovács et al, 2020 ), which coincides with our genomic data ( Table 3 ). Taromycin is reported to be isolated from the marine Saccharomonospora sp.…”

Unveiling Antibacterial Potential and Physiological Characteristics of Thermophilic Bacteria Isolated from a Hot Spring in Iran

“…In this study, the strain Kh3 was identified as S. azurea, which is a rare species from Actinomycetes. This species is a fascinating species that has garnered attention due to its potential in the production of antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria that have developed resistance to multiple drugs [40,41]. Feiszt et al [42] conducted a re-evaluation of the antibacterial activity of S. azurea against various bacterial pathogens in vitro.…”