Structural and functional characteristics of the hippocampus in depressive-like recipients after transplantation of in vitro caffeine-modulated immune cells

Immunomodulatory properties of caffeine and caffeine-treated immune cells in depression-like state

“…It is assumed that activated A2AR promotes the differentiation of CD4 + T cells towards regulatory T cells, due to an increase in the level of IL-2 and a decrease in the level of IL-6, which is one of the activators of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway [4,5]. Previously, we demonstrated the depression-like behavior editing by the transplantation of caffeinetreated immune cells [10,11]. Taking into account the above-mentioned important role of disturbances in the functional state of the immune system and its cells in the pathogenesis of depression, including the formation of depression-like behavior, in this study, the intensity of the main components of the immune response and the proliferative activity of lymphocytes of depression-like recipients were assessed after transplantation of syngeneic splenocytes treated in vitro with caffeine.…”

“…A depression-like state was formed in passive mice (n = 36) as a result of repeated experience of defeat in agonistic interactions with an aggressive partner during 20 days, as described earlier [10,11]. The depression-like phenotype was characterized in the forced swimming test, open field and plus maze using a mo dern hardware and software complex EthoVision XT (Noldus, Netherlands).…”

“…Medical Immunology (Russia)/Meditsinskaya Immunologiya Медицинская Иммунология as we described earlier [10,11], with subsequent assessment of the cells spontaneous and mitogeninduced pro liferative activity by a standard method for the inclusion of a radioactive label in nucleoprotein fractions (H 3 -thymidine), as well as the production of a number of cytokines by splenocytes by determining their quantitative content in samples of culture super natants by ELISA, using specific test-systems for the determination of IFNγ, IL-6 (eBioscience, BenderMedSystems, Austria) and for the determination of IL-1β, IL-10, TNFα (R&D Systems Inc, UK) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.…”

“…The similarity of both phenotypes and functions of the cellular elements of the immune and nervous systems, as well as the unidirectional effect of most psychoactive drugs on the central nervous system and the immune system, determines the interest in studying the immunomodulatory properties of caffeine for a targeted effect on the functional activity of immune cells, with a view to their subsequent use as model objects for the normalization of neuroimmune regulatory connections disturbed in a depressive state and alleviation of depressive symptoms. Previously, we first demonstrated the possibility of editing depression-like behavior by immune cells precultured with caffeine and showed the central mechanisms of this effect aimed at stimulating neuroplasticity processes and reducing neuroinflammation [10,11,12].…”

Effect of Caffeine on the Inflammatory-Dependent Changes in the GnRH/LH Secretion in a Female Sheep Model

“…Caffeine receptors are widespread in the immune cells, and due to that it can affect their secretory activity and the course of the inflammatory response [ 13 ]. Moreover, the expression of genes encoding caffeine-interacting adenosine receptors (ADORs) and ryanodine receptors (RYRs) was found in the hypothalamic structures involved in the GnRH secretion and the anterior pituitary (AP) [ 14 ].…”