Structural and functional changes in HDL with low grade and chronic inflammation

Gingival crevicular fluid oxidative stress level in patients with periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia

“…Unlike other lipid subfractions, HDL is an anti-inflammatory whose catabolism is heightened by infection. 30 Our findings for HDL levels are in line with those of Wakai et al, 33 who found decreases in serum HDL levels to be associated with increases in Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs scores, and Fentoğlu et al, 28 who found decreases in HDL levels to be associated with increases in attachment loss.…”

“…However, regarding the similarities in clinical measurements of patients with hyperlipidemia and normolipidemic subjects found in our study, it is possible that subjects with hyperlipidemia who participated in the study had not been in a hyperlipidemic state long enough for their condition to have created an inflammatory burden severe enough to be reflected in changes in clinical parameters. 30 Although our study found similarities in clinical periodontal parameters for patients with hyperlipidemia and normolipidemic subjects, serum TG, LDL, and TC levels in both hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic groups were higher for subjects with CP compared with subjects with both gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects. Serum HDL levels were also lower; however, for subjects with CP compared with subjects with both gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects, the differences were only significant for normolipidemic subjects.…”

Interaction between HDL and inflammation: When the good turns to be bad

“…Interestingly, HDL from patients with either stable or unstable CAD had low PON1 activity and inhibited endothelial cell nitric oxide production [15]. In accordance, O'Neill et al [3] showed that PON activity and nitric oxide bioavailability were reduced, while superoxide production was increased in patients with increased inflammation. In addition, there was an acute deterioration in HDL's endothelial protective function, without change in cholesterol efflux in the group with increased inflammation.…”

“…Such results have raised questions regarding the lack of beneficial effects from agents which raise HDL levels. In the present journal issue, O'Neill et al [3] aimed to determine the impact of low grade and acute inflammation on HDL function and structure. They reported that even minor alterations in systemic inflammation can impair the endothelial protective effects of HDL.…”

Genetics and molecular biology

“…HDL particles are more plastic and dynamic than initially thought as recently highlighted by O'Neill et al [4] in their study on patients with periodontitis. This human model is of interest because it involves a low-grade inflammation systemic status developing from a local inflammation site (the teeth).…”