Structural and functional alterations in the gut of parenterally or enterally fed rats

Hosoda, Nobumichi; Nishi, Masaharu; Nakagawa, Manabu; Hiramatsu, Yoshihiro; Hioki, Koshiro; Yamamoto, Masahiro

doi:10.1016/0022-4804(89)90076-0

Cited by 107 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…EN and PN did not significantly alter anthropometric parameters. Nevertheless, in accordance with the published results [1,2,3,4,5,6,12,13,14,15], early enteral feeding is likely to maintain intestinal and systemic immunocompetence and thus may contribute to a reduced rate of infection after major hepatic resection. On the other hand, the extent of the hepatectomy may shift the balance between PN and EN.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…EN prevents gastrointestinal atrophy and preserves the normal gut flora. Both aspects are linked to the production of immunoglobulin A by the gut, known to prevent translocation, which is drastically reduced during mucosal atrophy [5, 6]. Data on immunocompetence after liver resection with EN or PN are somewhat inconsistent, showing a significantly depressed immune function [7] and also indifferent serum immunoglobulins and phytohemagglutinin following PN [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surgeons have become more aware of the fact that early enteral nutrition (EN) prevents gastrointestinal atrophy, maintains immunocompetence and preserves the normal gut flora when compared to complete parenteral nutrition (PN) [5, 6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional Support after Open Liver Resection: A Systematic Review

et al. 2006

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Background: Perioperative nutrition in patients with limited liver function after partial hepatic resection is still controversial. In particular, the significance of perioperative total enteral nutrition remains unresolved. The aim of this review is to investigate the impact of early postoperative total enteral nutrition on convalescence after partial liver resection. Materials and Methods: In an internet-based Medline-Search (time course: 1960–08/2005) a total of five prospective, randomized controlled trials were found comparing the impact of enteral and parenteral nutrition after liver resection. After study validity had been established, a systematic review was undertaken (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, p < 0.05 level of significance; Review Manager 4.2®, The Cochrane Collaboration). Primary endpoints were complication rate (infection, organ malfunction) and mortality. Standardized immune parameters were also surveyed. Results: Statistical analysis showed that enteral nutrition resulted in a significantly lower rate (p = 0.04) of wound infection and catheter-related complications than parenteral nutrition did. No statistically significant differences in mortality due to enteral or parenteral nutrition could be found. Patients receiving enteral nutrition showed better postoperative immune competence. Conclusion: Early enteral nutrition after liver resection is a safe procedure. Compared to parenteral nutrition it is associated with a decreased incidence of postoperative complications. Facing the inhomogeneity of these trials, especially in nutrition protocols and end points, this first systematic review stresses the need for an update of the importance of early enteral nutrition after liver resection within randomized controlled multicenter trials.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional Support after Open Liver Resection: A Systematic Review

et al. 2006

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“…Under certain circumstances, intestinal mucosa cells became necrosed and dropped into the intestinal cavity, leading to decrease in intestinal mucosal DAO, and increase in DAO activity inside the intestinal cavity. DAO can also outer into the mucosal space between cells, lymphatic vessel [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and blood flow, making plasma DAO markedly elevated. Gut as an important organ, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of serious complications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive effect of glutamine on intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by severe trauma

Li¹,

Lü²,

Hu³

et al. 2002

WJG

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AIM: To investigate the mechanism underlying intestinal barrier function damage after severe trauma and the therapeutic effect of glutamine. METHODS:Burned patients, and animal models of severe trauma replicated by hemorrhagic shock combined with endotoxin infusion and burn injury, were included in a serial experiment. Effects of oral glutamine on intestinal barrier function were observed in scalded rats. Parameters measured in these experiments were as follows: plasma levels of diamine oxidase (DAO), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα α α α α), endotoxin (LPS), and lactate as well as D-lactate by biochemical methods, lactose/mannitol (L/M) ratio in urine by SP-3400, and pathological examination of intestinal mucosa under light microscopy. RESULTS: INTRODCTIONIt is generally accepted that the intestine may serve as an important organ in the development of severe complications under critically ill conditions, including trauma, burns, shock, etc.[1-3] Hemorrhagic shock and/or gut ischemia-reperfusion injury commonly occur in the early stage after acute insults, leading to gut-derived sepsis as a result of gut barrier dysfunction [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . In order to investigate the mechanism underlying intestinal barrier function damage and its potential interventional measures, burned patients and animal models of severe trauma were employed in our current experiments [6,[11][12][13][14][15] . MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal modelsAnimal models of severe trauma were replicated by hemorrhagic shock combined with endotoxin infusion. Male Wistar rats, weighing 190g-230g, were anaesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of 30g·L -1 barbitone sodium (35mg·kg -1 ), and the femoral artery and jugular vein were cannulated under aseptic conditions. The rats were then bled via the jugular vein catheter until a mean arterial pressure of 30-35 mmHg (4.6 kPa) was reached. At the end of shock, endotoxin (E.coliO55 B5, Sigma) was infused through tail vein at a dose of 2mg·kg -1 . A goat model of hemorrhagic shock combined with endotoxin challenge was established according to the previous report(n=20) [5] . Animals received E.coliO26 B6 endotoxin via portal vein 24h after the recovery from shock, and the dosage was 30 ng·kg -1 ·min -1, which was given in a continuous infusion lashing for 5d. Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups: normal controls, early feeding with standard feed plase Gln 0.5g after scalding, and animals (except control group) sustained a 30% TBSA fullthickness scald covering the back and flanks [6] . Determination of plasma diamine oxidase in 21 burned patients (17 male and 4 female) at the age of 33±10 years, with burn area (64±21)%, and (35±20)% 0. Plasma DAO activity was determined on day 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 postburn.Blood and intestinal DAO levels were tested according to our previous report [17] . Plasma lactate and Dlactate concentrations were determined by biochemical methods as described by Brandt et al [18] . Microassay for quantitation of endotoxin in blood was made with new PCA treatment...

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“…Information on the tolerance of PHGG or guar gum is available from numerous clinical trials in which the beneficial effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were investigated [20,21]. It has also been known that diarrhea induced by long-term consumption of a liquid diet was associated with the reduction in absorptive capacity and absorptive area due to the loss of brush border enzymes and mucosal cells [22]. The effects of two liquid diets with or without PHGG on intestinal function and microflora of rats were investigated [2].…”

Section: Beneficial Effects Of Phgg On Gastrointestinal Distressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Functions of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum

Yoon

Chu

Juneja

2006

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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Summary Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) has a number of properties associated with dietary fiber. PHGG ingestion results in not only an increase in defecting frequency and softer stools in persons with constipation but also significantly improvement of diarrhea in patient with gastrointestinal intolerance. The lowering of fecal pH by intake of PHGG resulted in the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., intestinal flora good for human health. Improvement of balance of intestinal microflora resulted in prevention from infection and colonization of Salmonella enteritidis. Further the ingestion of PHGG promoted absorption of mineral and lowered serum cholesterol and triglycerides in the rat and serum cholesterol in human by improving lipid metabolism without reduction of protein utilization. In addition, PHGG significantly reduced the level of plasma glucose, and thereby improved acute postprandial plasma glucose and insulin response. All these observations suggest that the PHGG is prospective one of dietary fiber with various biological functions.

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Structural and functional alterations in the gut of parenterally or enterally fed rats

Cited by 107 publications

References 15 publications

Nutritional Support after Open Liver Resection: A Systematic Review

Nutritional Support after Open Liver Resection: A Systematic Review

Preventive effect of glutamine on intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by severe trauma

Physiological Functions of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum

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