Structural and functional alterations in Malpighian tubules as biomarkers of environmental pollution: synopsis and prospective

Giglio, Anita; Brandmayr, Pietro

doi:10.1002/jat.3454

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…The morphology of ephemerid MTs is complex and the ultrastructure of ephemerid MT cells is consistent with an ionoregulatory function (Nicholls, 1983;Gaino and Rebora, 2000a,b;Giglio and Brandmayr, 2017). In turn, this is consistent with the role of MTs as an ionoregulatory organ of insects (Pannabecker, 1995;Donini et al, 2008;Jonusaite et al, 2017).…”

Section: Fw Mayfly Nymph Hemolymph Ion Compositionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Strategies of ionoregulation in the freshwater nymph of the mayfly (Hexagenia rigida)

Nowghani

Jonusaite

Watson-Leung

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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This study investigated ionoregulatory strategies used by freshwater (FW) nymphs of the mayfly Like other FW organisms, nymphs maintain hemolymph ion levels (in mmol l: Na ∼102; Cl ∼84; K ∼6; pH ∼7.35) far in excess of their surroundings. This appears to be accomplished by the combined actions of the alimentary canal, Malpighian tubules (MTs) and tracheal gills. The alimentary canal contributes in a region-specific manner, a view supported by: (1) spatial differences in the activity of basolateral Na/K-ATPase (NKA) and apical V-type H-ATPase (VA) and (2) region-specific Na and K flux rates. Both indicate a prominent role for the hindgut (rectum) in K reabsorption. MTs also exhibit region-specific differences in Na and K flux rates that are coupled with an organized but tortuous architecture. NKA and VA activities were highest in MTs versus all other organs examined. Tracheal gills were found to be sites of Na uptake, but no difference in Na uptake was found between gills taken from different regions of the abdomen or spatially along individual gills. This is likely because each gill exhibited a dense population of NKA and/or VA immunoreactive cells (putative ionocytes). Data provide new insight into how FW mayfly nymphs regulate salt and water balance using the alimentary canal, MTs and tracheal gills as well as the first direct evidence that tracheal gills acquire ions from FW.

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Section: Fw Mayfly Nymph Hemolymph Ion Compositionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Strategies of ionoregulation in the freshwater nymph of the mayfly (Hexagenia rigida)

Nowghani

Jonusaite

Watson-Leung

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…According to the severity scores of the histopathological changes, dose-dependent effects were observed only in LP plant type, which caused malpighian pyknosis ( Table 6). Malpighian tubules are the primary organ in insects used for excretion and osmoregulation [48]. The condensation of chromatin and nucleus in malpighian pyknotic cells may result from apoptosis; programmed cell death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal and Histopathological Effects of Ageratum conyzoides Weed Extracts against Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti

Pintong

Ampawong

Komalamisra

et al. 2020

Insects

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Crude extracts and essential oils of A. conyzoides were tested with larva and adult stages of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to determine their insecticidal properties. The crude extracts and essential oils came from three varieties of A. conyzoides (with white flowers, purple flowers, or white-purple flowers) and from two places on each plant (leaves and flowers), giving six types overall: leaf-white (LW); leaf-purple (LP); leaf white-purple (LW-P); flower-white (FW); flower-purple (FP); and flower white-purple (FW-P). Chemical constituents and components of the essential oils were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Electron microscopic and histopathological studies were performed to determine the toxicological effects on mosquitoes in terms of morphological alterations. The six types of crude extracts exhibited no activity against individuals in the larval stages. However, six types of essential oils were effective against adult Ae. aegypti females. The mortality of adult Ae. aegypti females was higher from leaf extracts, particularly LP (median lethal dose, LD50 = 0.84%). The number of chemical constituents identified by GC-MS was high in flowers, especially W-P. Precocene I was the most abundant chemical component among the five types of essential oils, except in LP, in which precocene II was the most abundant. Histopathological alterations in adult Ae. aegypti females included compound eye degeneration, muscular damage with cellular infiltration, gut epithelial degeneration and necrosis, pyknotic nuclei in the malpighian epithelium and ovarian cell degeneration. FW and FP plant types exhibited the highest severity of histopathological alterations in mosquitoes compared with other plants, probably owing to the presence of monoterpene compounds in their tissues. The present study demonstrated LP plant extracts from A. conyzoides could be effective adulticides against adult Ae. aegypti. As natural products are biodegradable and exhibit low toxicity to mammalian and non-target organisms, they are suitable candidates for use in vector control programmes.

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“…The epithelium of the intestinal tract is the first barrier against assimilation of toxicants into the organism but metals readily cross the gut epithelium into the hemolymph and are then transported into other tissues (Leonard et al 2009). A few studies highlight the fact that exposure to environmental contaminants via contaminated food may cause sublethal effects on the Malpighian tubules (Giglio and Brandmayr 2017). However, the ultrastructural analysis of the Malpighian tubules of the ground beetle Carabus lefebvrei exposed to soil contaminated with different metals showed that potentially toxic metals are safely stored in intracellular compartments in an insoluble and physiologically inactive form (Talarico et al 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cadmium Bioavailability in Food on Its Distribution in Different Tissues in the Ground Beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus

Bednarska

Świątek

Łabęcka

2019

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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In most laboratory studies with oral exposure of terrestrial invertebrates to metals an artificial food, which is easy to handle, is used. The bioavailability of metals from this artificial food may, however, be much higher than from more field relevant food sources. Such differences may affect toxicokinetic processes in different tissues. To test the effect of bioavailability of Cd in food on Cd toxicokinetics and internal distribution in terrestrial invertebrates, we performed the experiment using the ground beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus exposed to Cd via food differing in their soluble Cd pool. We showed that in carabids Cd accumulation and elimination pattern in different tissues is not governed by the metal availability in food.

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Structural and functional alterations in Malpighian tubules as biomarkers of environmental pollution: synopsis and prospective

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Strategies of ionoregulation in the freshwater nymph of the mayfly (Hexagenia rigida)

Strategies of ionoregulation in the freshwater nymph of the mayfly (Hexagenia rigida)

Insecticidal and Histopathological Effects of Ageratum conyzoides Weed Extracts against Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti

Effects of Cadmium Bioavailability in Food on Its Distribution in Different Tissues in the Ground Beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus

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