Structural and functional adaptation of the lingual papillae of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus): specific adaptive feeding strategies

Abstract

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Gross, ultrastructural, and histological characterizations of pecten oculi of the glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus): New insights into its scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X‐ray analysis

“…Seven pecten oculi of the glossy ibis were prepared for examination under the SEM (Elghoul et al, 2021; Kandyel et al, 2021). The prepared samples were fixed in 2% formaldehyde and 1.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, at 4°C.…”

Lingual papillary system of the Egyptian mouse‐tailed bat (Rhinopoma hardwickii): New insights to its feeding strategies using scanning electron microscope, and immunohistochemical analysis of keratin

“…Six specimens of the adult R. hardwickii were used in the histological study. The tongues were dissected and fixed in 10% formaldehyde for 48 h at (pH 7.4), then dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol, cleared with xylene, and immersed in melted paraffin (Kandyel, Abumandour, et al, 2021). The paraffin‐embedded tissues were cut into 5‐μm sections using Leica rotatory microtome (RM 20352035; Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (Suvarna et al, 2013) to demonstrate the general histological structure.…”

“…The lingual papillae are adapted to accommodate specific feeding mechanisms in different bat species and these morphological variations include the papillary appearance, number, shape, and direction of orientation (Abumandour & El‐Bakary, 2013b; El‐Mansi et al, 2019; Kandyel, Abumandour, et al, 2021). There are two categories of lingual papillae based on their function, which are mechanical and gustatory (Abumandour & El‐Bakary, 2013b; Birt, Hall, & Smith, 1997; El‐Mansi et al, 2019; Emura et al, 2001; Jackowiak et al, 2009; Massoud & Abumandour, 2020).…”

Distribution of intraepithelial lymphocytes, mast cells, and goblet cells in the intestine of alpaca

“…PAS staining: the paraffin sections were dewaxed and dehydrated with series of ethanol to DW, oxidized with 0.5% periodic acid solution for 5 min, washed with DW, incubated with Schiff's solution at 37°C for 30 min, washed with sodium sulphite solution 2–3 times for 1 min each time, washed with DW, counterstained with haematoxylin, differentiated by 0.5% hydrochloric ethanol, ascending dehydrated with gradient ethanol, and cleared in xylene and mounted with neutral gum (Kandyel, Abumandour, et al, 2021b).…”

“…dehydrated with series of ethanol to DW, immersed in toluidine blue solution for 30 s, washed 3 times with DW for 3 min each time, differentiated with 95% ethanol for 10 min, dehydrated with 100% ethanol, and cleared in xylene and mounted with neutral gum.PAS staining: the paraffin sections were dewaxed and dehydrated with series of ethanol to DW, oxidized with 0.5% periodic acid solution for 5 min, washed with DW, incubated with Schiff's solution at 37°C for 30 min, washed with sodium sulphite solution 2-3 times for 1 min each time, washed with DW, counterstained with haematoxylin, differentiated by 0.5% hydrochloric ethanol, ascending dehydrated with gradient ethanol, and cleared in xylene and mounted with neutral gum(Kandyel, Abumandour, et al, 2021b).Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff's staining: the paraffin sections were dewaxed and dehydrated with series of ethanol to DW, immersed in Alcian blue solution for 30 min, washed with DW for 3 min, immersed in 1% periodic acid solution for 5 min, washed with DW for 3 min, incubated with Schiff's solution at 37°C for 30 min, differentiated by 2.5% sodium metabisulphite for 5 s, washed with DW, ascending dehydration with gradient ethanol, and cleared in xylene and mounted with neutral gum.High iron diamine-Alcian blue staining: the paraffin sections were dewaxed and dehydrated with series of ethanol to DW, incubated in high iron diamine solution at room temperature for 24 h, washed with DW, incubated in Alcian blue solution for 20 min, washed with DW, ascending dehydration with gradient ethanol, and cleared in xylene and mounted with neutral gum.…”