Structural and electronic insight into the effect of indium doping on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ for CO₂ conversion

Abstract

In-doping induces electronic modifications in TiO2 leading to an increase in the CO2 photoreduction selectivity towards CH4.

Green synthesis of hypercrosslinked polymers for CO2 capture and conversion: recent advances, opportunities, and challenges

“…TiO 2 , a widely employed photocatalyst, boasts several advantages including stability, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. Consequently, it is frequently utilized as a catalyst for CO 2 reduction; [203][204][205] however, its low surface area and fast electron-hole recombination rate result in low catalytic efficiency. [206][207][208] Wang et al 209 prepared HCPs using an in situ knitting method on TiO 2 to construct HCP-TiO 2 -graphene composites (HCP-TiO 2 -FG).…”

Trivalent Metal Ions (Al, Ga, In)-Doped TiO2 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Desulfurization of H2S: Band Structure Regulation, Performance, and Mechanism

“…This suggests that group IIIA metal dopants play a minor role in adjusting the bandgap of TiO 2 , which remains greater than 3 eV. 31,32 The band structure of the pristine TiO 2 , Al-TiO 2 , Ga-TiO 2 , and In-TiO 2 were determined using DFT calculations (Figure S3). It is evident that Group IIIA metaldoped TiO 2 all exhibit an impurity level above the valence band in the energy band structure compared to the band structure of the pristine TiO 2 .…”

“…Additionally, the doping of Group IIIA trivalent metal ions in TiO 2 introduces a shallow acceptor level above the valence band in the energy band structure, thus resulting in a significant increase in the carrier concentration of photocatalysts and enhanced light quantum efficiency. Furthermore, the incorporation of Group IIIA trivalent metals as dopants facilitates the generation of oxygen vacancies in the metal oxide structure, thereby improving the degradation performance of photocatalysts. − For instance, Al 3+ -doped ZnO demonstrated nearly 100% mineralized efficiency of toxoid A . Al-doped SrTiO 3 loaded with a rhodium–chromium mixed oxide promoted efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting with an apparent quantum yield of 56% under 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) light .…”

Understanding the prototype catalyst TiO2 surface with the help of density functional theory calculation

“…Further reductions can undergo HCCOH, CO, HCHO intermediates, etc., and finally achieve CH 4 with additional protons and electrons. The CO 2 photocatalytic conversion on TiO 2 could be promoted by the introduction of defects 32,122 and noble metal doping (such as In, 123 Au 124 ), as they can provide electrons to form the in‐gap state. Feng et al 125 investigated fatty acids reduction for alkane production with photo‐catalyzed conversion on Pt/TiO 2 .…”