Structural and electrochromic study of polypyrrole synthesized with azo and anthraquinone dyes

A magenta polypyrrole derivatised with Methyl Red azo dye: synthesis and spectroelectrochemical characterisation

“…The bathochromic shift in the absorption spectra of PPy/MR when compared to the pristine PPy may be associated to the narrowing in the band gap energy (E g ) of PPy/MR due to the increase of the planarity of the polymer. Similar results have been reported for azo and anthraquinone dyes by Ferreira et al [8].…”

“…Similar values of t have been reported in the literature for PPy films doped with different dyes, such as Remazol Black B (14 s), Dianix Red (9 s) and SDS-Indigo Carmine (8 s) [8,55]. Stability during long-term switching of PMRPy films may be improved after setting the optimum experimental conditions, i.e.…”

“…Therefore, the enhancement of optical contrast and colour modulation of p-conjugated polymers and their hybrid materials can be easily achieved by incorporating organic dyes (such as Indigo Carmine [4], Bromophenol Blue [5], Brilliant Yellow [6], Ponceau 4R [7], Remazol Black B and Dianix Red [8]) to the polymer film, or even by the modification of the monomer/ polymer structure by derivatisation with a dye. Using this approach, Cihaner and Algi [9] prepared a copolymer of a 2,5-di (2-thienyl)pyrrole (SNS) derivatised with an azo dye and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), and Ajayaghosh et al [3] synthesised soluble donor-acceptor type conjugated copolymers of N-alkylpyrroles and squaric acid, in order to achieve better optoelectronic properties in comparison with the non-modified polymers.…”

Conducting polypyrrole films as a potential tool for electrochemical treatment of azo dyes in textile wastewaters

“…Previously, Ferreira et al [44] analysed XRD patterns of polypyrrole synthesised with the dyes Remazol Black B and Dianix Red. In their work, they proposed a structure consisting of a dye sandwiched between two polypyrrole chains separated by a perpendicular distance termed "d-spacing", which can be evaluated based on Bragg's law [44] in Eq. (3),…”

Electrochromism in multichromic conjugated polymers: Thiophene and azobenzene derivatives on the main chain

“…Azobenzene molecule is widely used in polymerization [3] especially in photochemical applications [4], optoelectronic devices [5], optical data storage devices [6] and liquid crystalline polymers [7]. In 2000 Laschitsch and co-workers reported that polymer films containing azobenzene undergo softening upon irradiation with UV light due to the cis-trans isomerisation of azobenzene [8].…”