The temperature-sensitive swoH1 mutant of Aspergillus nidulans was previously identified in a screen for mutants with defects in polar growth. In the present work, we found that the swoH1 mutant swelled, lysed, and did not produce conidia during extended incubation at the restrictive temperature. When shifted from the permissive to the restrictive temperature, swoH1 showed the temperature-sensitive swelling phenotype only after 8 h at the higher temperature. The swoH gene was mapped to chromosome II and cloned by complementation of the temperature-sensitive phenotype. The sequence showed that swoH encodes a homologue of nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDKs) from other organisms. Deletion experiments showed that the swoH gene is essential. A hemagglutinin-SwoHp fusion complemented the mutant phenotype, and the purified fusion protein possessed phosphate transferase activity in thin-layer chromatography assays. Sequencing of the mutant allele showed a predicted V83F change. Structural modeling suggested that the swoH1 mutation would lead to perturbation of the NDK active site. Crude cell extracts from the swoH1 mutant grown at the permissive temperature had ϳ20% of the NDK activity seen in the wild type and did not show any decrease in activity when assayed at higher temperatures. Though the data are not conclusive, the lack of temperature-sensitive NDK activity in the swoH1 mutant raises the intriguing possibility that the SwoH NDK is required for growth at elevated temperatures rather than for polarity maintenance.Spores of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans break dormancy and expand isotropically before sending out a germ tube and switching to polar-tip growth. Further growth occurs exclusively at the hyphal tip (45). The temperature-sensitive swoH1 mutant of A. nidulans was originally isolated in a screen for polarity maintenance defects (46) based on the fact that the mutant hyphae swell shortly after germ tube emergence at the restrictive temperature. The sequence of the swoH gene reveals that it encodes a homologue of yeast YNK1, a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK). NDKs catalyze the transfer of the ␥-phosphate from a nucleoside triphosphate to a nucleoside diphosphate and are important in nucleotide metabolism (2, 28).NDK null mutants of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are viable (27,87). NDK null mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe are normal in vegetative growth, sporulation, mating, and morphology, though they have much lower NDK activity than the wild types (10 and 20%, respectively) (19,27). Enzymes other than NDK are assumed to furnish these low levels of NDK activity (19,32,38,55,77,84). The only reported NDK mutation in a filamentous fungus, a P72H change in Neurospora crassa, causes reduced NDK activity and deficient light response for perithecial polarity (57, 58). In plants, NDK interacts with phytochromes, photoreceptors that relay environmental light signals to nuclear genes (13,26,73). Higher organisms contain multiple isoforms of NDK, some...