Structural analysis of the test of Echinocyamus pusillus (O.F.Müller)

Telford, Malcolm

doi:10.1201/9781003079224-63

Cited by 5 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) skeleton is constructed of multiple biomineralized plates [11], which are securely interconnected by soft tissues and, in some cases, skeletal interlocks [12][13][14][15][16][17]. The hierarchical organization of echinoids additionally allows for the separation and functional interpretation of principles along the skeletal configuration [18]: the complete individual includes all skeletal elements, soft tissues and appendages (hierarchical level 1).…”

Section: The Echinoid Role Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The architecture of the sea urchin skeleton has been in the focus of technical analysis for the last decades [9,[14][15][16][26][27][28][29][30]. In-depth studies have been made on the test's microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and increasingly micro-computed tomography (µCT) [11,19,20,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: The Echinoid Role Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most comprehensive technical studies on the echinoid skeleton provided for a detailed theoretical and mechanical background, which were discussed with respect to dome structures and their static properties [15,26,28]. The plate connections and internal supports were also described as structures that support the test under compression loads, whereas connective tissues counteract tension stress in most echinoids [15,16].…”

Section: The Echinoid Role Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clypeasteroid echinoids (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroidea) are usually flattened sea urchins featuring various internal support systems such as pillars, buttresses and ridges [9,15,16,31,38]. These echinoids can be abundant in high-energy environments and the fossil record, where they are frequently well preserved [39][40][41][42].…”

Section: The Echinoid Role Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The common species E. pusillus (figure 1) has been broadly described with regard to its morphology [45,54,[59][60][61] and ecology [46,[62][63][64][65]. One exceptional characteristic of this echinoid is that it lacks collagenous fibres within its sutures [15,16]. The stability of the test therefore relies primarily on the skeletal construction [16].…”

Section: The Echinoid Role Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural design of the minute clypeasteroid echinoidEchinocyamus pusillus

Grun

Nebelsick

2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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The clypeasteroid echinoid skeleton is a multi-plated, light-weight shell construction produced by biomineralization processes. In shell constructions, joints between individual elements are considered as weak points, yet these echinoid skeletons show an extensive preservation potential in both Recent and fossil environments. The remarkable strength of the test is achieved by skeletal reinforcement structures and their constructional layouts. Micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy are used for microstructural and volumetric analyses of the echinoid's skeleton. It is shown that strengthening mechanisms act on different hierarchical levels from the overall shape of the skeleton to skeletal interlocking. The tight-fitting and interlocking plate joints lead to a shell considered to behave as a monolithic structure. The plate's architecture features distinct regions interpreted as a significant load-transferring system. The internal support system follows the segmentation of the remaining skeleton, where sutural layout and stereom distribution are designed for effective load transfer. The structural analysis of the multi-plated, yet monolithic skeleton of Echinocyamus pusillus reveals new aspects of the micro-morphology and its structural relevance for the load-bearing behaviour. The analysed structural principles allow E. pusillus to be considered as a role model for the development of multi-element, light-weight shell constructions.

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Section: The Echinoid Role Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Echinoid Role Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Echinoid Role Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Echinoid Role Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Echinoid Role Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural design of the minute clypeasteroid echinoidEchinocyamus pusillus

Grun

Nebelsick

2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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The Taphonomy of Echinoids

Nebelsick

Mancosu

2021

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The study of echinoid evolution, diversity, and ecology has always suffered from the fact that they are represented by taxa showing widely differing architectural designs of their multi-plated skeletons, inhabiting a large range of marine paleoenvironments, which result in highly varying taphonomic biases dictating their presence and recognition. This Element addresses the taphonomy of echinoids and includes: a general introduction to the morphological features of echinoids that play a role in their preservation; a review of processes which play an important role in the differential preservation of both regular and irregular echinoids including predation and transport; a summary of taphonomic pathways included in actualistic studies for recent sea urchins and then reconstructed for fossil taxa; and finally, a case study of the variation of echinoid taphonomy across a shelf gradient using the rich Miocene echinoid fauna of Sardinia.

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Constructional design of echinoid endoskeleton: main structural components and their potential for biomimetic applications

et al. 2020

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The endoskeleton of echinoderms (Deuterostomia: Echinodermata) is of mesodermal origin and consists of cells, organic components, as well as an inorganic mineral matrix. The echinoderm skeleton forms a complex lattice-system, which represents a model structure for naturally inspired engineering in terms of construction, mechanical behaviour and functional design. The sea urchin (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) endoskeleton consists of three main structural components: test, dental apparatus and accessory appendages. Although, all parts of the echinoid skeleton consist of the same basic material, their microstructure displays a great potential in meeting several mechanical needs according to a direct and clear structure–function relationship. This versatility has allowed the echinoid skeleton to adapt to different activities such as structural support, defence, feeding, burrowing and cleaning. Although, constrained by energy and resource efficiency, many of the structures found in the echinoid skeleton are optimized in terms of functional performances. Therefore, these structures can be used as role models for bio-inspired solutions in various industrial sectors such as building constructions, robotics, biomedical and material engineering. The present review provides an overview of previous mechanical and biomimetic research on the echinoid endoskeleton, describing the current state of knowledge and providing a reference for future studies.

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Structural analysis of the test of Echinocyamus pusillus (O.F.Müller)

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Structural design of the minute clypeasteroid echinoidEchinocyamus pusillus

Structural design of the minute clypeasteroid echinoidEchinocyamus pusillus

The Taphonomy of Echinoids

Constructional design of echinoid endoskeleton: main structural components and their potential for biomimetic applications

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