Structural analysis of mouse glycine receptor alpha subunit genes. Identification and chromosomal localization of a novel variant.

Matzenbach, B.; Maulet, Yves; Sefton, Louise; Courtier, Béatrice; Avner, Philip; Guénet, Jean Louis; Betz, Heinrich

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)41987-9

Cited by 120 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Expression of glycine receptors (GlyR) has been shown in the developing brain and in the fully developed spinal cord, hindbrain, cerebellum, and retina. They play an important role in mediation of inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain and spinal cord, and also take part in stimulatory neurotransmission in embryonic neurons (Matzenbach et al 1994 ; Harvey et al 2000 ; Baer et al 2009 ; Lynch 2009 ). Among the five GlyR subtypes, the function of GLRA4 in people and animals remains unclear, because the human GLRA4 gene is considered a pseudogene (Simon et al 2004 ), present in the genome in the form of a neutral sequence with no biological function (Simon et al 2004 ; Bar-Shira et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of psychoactive bacteria, Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1, on brain proteome profiles in mice

Jarosz,

Socała,

Michalak

et al. 2023

Psychopharmacology

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Rationale The gut microbiota may play an important role in the development and functioning of the mammalian central nervous system. The assumption of the experiment was to prove that the use of probiotic bacterial strains in the diet of mice modifies the expression of brain proteins involved in metabolic and immunological processes. Objectives and results Albino Swiss mice were administered with Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1 every 24 h for 28 days. Protein maps were prepared from hippocampal homogenates of euthanized mice. Selected proteins that were statistically significant were purified and concentrated and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Among the analysed samples, 13 proteins were identified. The mean volumes of calcyon, secreted frizzled-associated protein 3, and catalase in the hippocampus of mice from both experimental groups were statistically significantly higher than in the control group. In mice supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1, a lower mean volume of fragrance binding protein 2, shadow of prion protein, and glycine receptor α4 subunit was observed compared to the control. Conclusion The psychobiotics Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1enhances expression of proteins involved in the activation and maturation of nerve cells, as well as myelination and homeostatic regulation of neurogenesis in mice. The tested psychobiotics cause a decrease in the expression of proteins associated with CNS development and in synaptic transmission, thereby reducing the capacity for communication between nerve cells. The results of the study indicate that psychobiotic bacteria can be used in auxiliary treatment of neurological disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of psychoactive bacteria, Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1, on brain proteome profiles in mice

Jarosz,

Socała,

Michalak

et al. 2023

Psychopharmacology

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“…Five symmetrically organized subunits of the trans-membrane protein complexes known as GlyRs are positioned around a central pore. So far, five kinds of GlyR subunits have been identified: four alphas and one beta [8,20]. For some alpha subunits, alternate splicing can result in novel variants [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many people with this diverse collection of illnesses suffer a life-threatening sickness in their infants, characterized by intractable seizures, stiffness, severe mental retardation, and early mortality. The non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia condition has been treated in a variety of ways, but none of them have worked [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycine encephalopathy

Bhumika

Basalingappa²,

Gopenath³

et al. 2022

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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Inherited neurotransmitter diseases are a subset of rare neurometabolic disorders characterized by hereditary deficiencies in neurotransmitter metabolism or transport. Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia (NKH), called glycine encephalopathy, is an autosomal recessive glycine metabolism disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of glycine in all bodily tissues, including the CNS. The SLC6A9 gene, which codes for the GLYT1 protein, a biochemical abnormality in the GCS, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase enzymes, which function as a GCS component, are responsible for the neonatal form’s symptoms, which include progressive encephalopathy, hypotonia, seizures, and occasionally mortality in the first few days of life. By changing the MAPK signalling pathways, glycine deprivation in the brain damages neurons by increasing NMDA receptor activation, increasing intracellular Ca levels, and leading to DNA breakage and cell death in the neuron region. In addition to the previously mentioned clinical diagnosis, NKH or GE would be determined by MLPA and 13C glycine breath tests. Pediatricians, surgeons, neurologists, and geneticists treat NKH and GE at the newborn period; there is no cure for either condition.

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“…There are four known GlyR α subunits (α1–α4) and one β subunit identified by molecular cloning ( Grenningloh et al, 1987 ; Grenningloh et al, 1990 ; Akagi et al, 1991 ; Kuhse et al, 1991 ; Matzenbach et al, 1994 ). Each GlyR subunit is composed of an extracellular domain (ECD), a transmembrane domain (TMD), and a long intracellular loop connecting transmembrane domains M3 and M4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Mechanism of Glycine Receptor Elucidated by Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Zhu

2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Glycine receptors (GlyRs) are pentameric ion channels that mediate fast inhibitory neurotransmission. GlyRs are found in the central nervous system including the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum, as well as in the retina, sperm, macrophages, hippocampus, cochlea, and liver. Due to their crucial roles in counter-balancing excitatory signals and pain signal transmission, GlyR dysfunction can lead to severe diseases, and as a result, compounds that modify GlyR activity may have tremendous therapeutic potential. Despite this potential, the development of GlyR-specific small-molecule ligands is lacking. Over the past few years, high-resolution structures of both homomeric and heteromeric GlyRs structures in various conformations have provided unprecedented details defining the pharmacology of ligand binding, subunit composition, and mechanisms of channel gating. These high-quality structures will undoubtedly help with the development of GlyR-targeted therapies.

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Structural analysis of mouse glycine receptor alpha subunit genes. Identification and chromosomal localization of a novel variant.

Cited by 120 publications

References 52 publications

The effect of psychoactive bacteria, Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1, on brain proteome profiles in mice

The effect of psychoactive bacteria, Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1, on brain proteome profiles in mice

Glycine encephalopathy

Structure and Mechanism of Glycine Receptor Elucidated by Cryo-Electron Microscopy

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