Structural Analysis of Carbon Gel.

Kiuchi, Yasutaro; Ito, Masayoshi

doi:10.2324/gomu.72.599

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, for the composite with TEPST, bound rubber phase remained on the surface of silica particles as was observed in carbon black filled rubber systems. 19 The result indicates that the introduction of TEPST produces strong interactions between silica particles and rubber molecules. Figure 10 shows the strain dependence on the storage modulus, G , of silica filled vulcanizates with and without TESPT (Sample No.…”

Section: Effects Of Interfacial Combination Of Fillers With Rubber Mamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It is suggested that the bound rubber phase in the carbon black filled vulcanizates exists on the surface of carbon black. 19 If so, the bound rubber phase is not necessarily released by the break down of agglomerate structure. In this case, F B is not necessary to change by the strain.…”

Section: Structural Change Of Agglomerate By a Strain In Silica Fillementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar interfacial bonding has been suggested in the carbon black filled vulcanizates. 19 The interfacial bonding between silica and rubber matrix might influence on the stress-strain behavior at a higher strain.…”

Section: Effects Of Interfacial Combination Of Fillers With Rubber Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Surface Chemistry of Silica Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Silica Filled Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Systems

Yatsuyanagi

Suzuki

Ito

et al. 2002

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:The effects of surface chemistry of silica particles on the mechanical properties were studied for silica filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) systems. The samples were prepared from different kinds of silicas and of silane coupling agents. The breakdown of the agglomerate formed by silica particles was successfully detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations when the strain was applied to silica filled vulcanizates. The degree of breakdown of the agglomerate of silica particles by the strain was more prominent in the larger one of which size was controlled by the number of silanol group per unit surface area of silica particles. The amount of entrapped rubber within the agglomerate seemed to be decreased with the decrease in the agglomerate size. Also, the initial agglomerate size and the change of agglomerate by the strain became small by the introduction of silane coupling agent, such as bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane (TESPT). At a given degree of vulcanization, the initial modulus of silica filled vulcanizates was governed by the size of agglomerate formed by silica particles and the amount of entrapped rubber phase. On the other hand, at a larger strain, the tensile strength of the filled vulcanizates increased by the introduction of interfacial combination between silica particles and rubber matrix by TESPT. These results indicate that the stress-strain behavior of filled vulcanizate is affected by the agglomerate of the fillers and the interactions between filler and rubber matrix.KEY WORDS Silica / Styrene-Butadiene Rubber / Silane Coupling Agent / Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) / Agglomerate / Mechanical Properties / Silicas have been used as fillers for rubber reinforcement. 1-3 However, the utilization of silica caused two serious problems. One was a bad processability, such as a lower dispersiblity of silica particles in rubber matrix and a high viscosity of silica filled unvulcanizates. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The other one was a poor reinforcement, such as a low tensile strength, low abrasion resistance and so on, in comparison with carbon black filled rubber composites. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The chemical environment of silica particle is quite different from that of carbon black due to the existence of silanol groups in the particles. Thus, the primary discussion on the properties of silica filled rubber composites has been concerned with the interactions between silica particles and the interactions between silica particles and rubber molecules. Wolff and Wang studied the effects of surface energies of fillers on rubber reinforcement, and reported 7 that the surface energies of silica were characterized by a dispersive and specific components. The higher specific component led to the higher viscosity of the rubber composites due to the strong interactions among silica particles. On the other hand, the lower dispersive component caused weak filler-rubber interactions, leading to the lower † To whom correspondence should be addressed. content of bound...

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Section: Effects Of Interfacial Combination Of Fillers With Rubber Mamentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Structural Change Of Agglomerate By a Strain In Silica Fillementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Surface Chemistry of Silica Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Silica Filled Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Systems

Yatsuyanagi

Suzuki

Ito

et al. 2002

Polym J

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“…These phenomena can cause a poor dispersion of silica in a rubber compound, and consequently they can be tightly aggregated. 11,12 Due to its high efficiency in increasing the mechanical properties, carbon black is considered as a universal compounding ingredient in vulcanized rubber. 13 Numerous studies have been recorded to exemplify the reinforcing effect of carbon black in rubber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study for the main properties of silica and carbon black Filled bagasse-styrene butadiene rubber composites

Khalaf¹

2023

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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A comparative study has been done to investigate the effect of carbon black (CB) and fumed silica (Si) on the physico-mechanical and thermal properties of Bagasse/styrene-butadiene rubber (B-SBR) composites. Based on the incorporation of 25 phr from natural ground bagasse powder (GBP) as a supplement reinforcing filler in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizates, two identical sets of formulations have been prepared using different concentrations (20, 40, 60 and 80 phr) of carbon black and silica as the main reinforcing fillers in SBR composites. The ground bagasse powder (GBP) employed in this work, has a selective grain size distribution ranging from about 20–180 μm. As well, 2.5 phr of maleic anhydride (MA) was incorporated to improve the interfacial adhesion between SBR and bagasse. The distinguishing effect of different fillers on the rheological properties was clearly established. Tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus at 100% elongation (M 100), hardness (Shore A), abrasion loss, degree of swelling, as well as, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the rubber vulcanizates were studied. The prepared samples were morphologically analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile strength and M 100% values of carbon black-filled compounds were obviously higher than those of the silica filled ones. In addition, hardness, wear and swelling properties were improved more and more by increasing the filler content. Whereas, the Si filled B/SBR showed a decreasing trend in elongation at break values but with an evidently higher plateau than that of CB filled ones. Overall, the CB filled vulcanizates recorded dominant mechanical properties compared to the Si filled vucanizates. On the other hand, both fillers offered a noticeable improvement in thermal stability, but with a preference favored for the silica filled compounds. Furthermore, the findings for SEM were found to be in agreement with the observed mechanical properties. This study summarizes a detailed discussion of the emerging green technologies for tyre production and depicted comprehensive data from the available literature.

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The effects of filler content on cure and mechanical properties of dichlorocarbene modified styrene butadiene rubber/carbon black composites

Ramesan

2005

J Polym Res

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Structural Analysis of Carbon Gel.

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Surface Chemistry of Silica Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Silica Filled Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Systems

Effects of Surface Chemistry of Silica Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Silica Filled Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Systems

A comparative study for the main properties of silica and carbon black Filled bagasse-styrene butadiene rubber composites

The effects of filler content on cure and mechanical properties of dichlorocarbene modified styrene butadiene rubber/carbon black composites

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