Structural Analysis of Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus Polyprotein for Development of Multi Epitopes Vaccine Using Immunoinformatics Approach

Abstract

Avian Encephalomyelitis (AE) is the disease caused by avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV). The disease mainly affects young birds nervous system worldwide causing high morbidity and variable mortality rate in chicks and noticed egg dropping and hatchability in mature hens. Vaccination is the only way to control AEV infection since there is no treatment yet to the avian encephalomyelitis. This study aimed to use immunoinformatics approaches to predict multi epitopes vaccine from the AEV polyprotein that could elicit both B and T cells. The vaccine construct comprises 482 amino acids obtained from epitopes predicted against B and T cells by IEDB server, adjuvant, linkers and 6-His-tag. The chimeric vaccine was potentially antigenic and nonallergic and demonstrated thermostability and hydrophilicity in protparam server. The solubility of the vaccine was measured in comparison to E. coli proteins. The stability was also assessed by disulfide bonds engineering to reduce the high mobility regions in the designed vaccine. Furthermore molecular dynamics simulation further strengthen stability of the predicted vaccine. Tertiary structure of the vaccine construct after prediction, refinement was used for molecular docking with chicken alleles BF2*2101 and BF2*0401 and the docking process demonstrated favourable binding energy score of -337.47 kcal/mol and -326.87 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular cloning demonstrated the potential clonability of the chimeric vaccine in pET28a(+) vector. This could guarantee the efficient translation and expression of the vaccine within suitable expression vector.

Immunoinformatic prediction of potential immunodominant epitopes from cagW in order to investigate protection against Helicobacter pylori infection based on experimental consequences

“…Second, antibodies that do not cross-react with native antigens are often elicited by linear B-cell epitopes in the majority of cases (Kumar Pandey et al, 2018 ). Third, the vast majority of B-cell epitopes are conformational, yet predicting conformational epitopes has very limited uses since these epitopes cannot be separated from the context in which they are found in proteins (Elhassan et al, 2021 ). The most important thing to do is not only to make improvements to the methods that are currently being used for B-cell epitope prediction, but also to develop new methods and platforms for epitope grafting onto suitable scaffolds that are capable of replacing the native antigen (Dawood, 2021 ).…”