Protein radical labeling,
like fast photochemical oxidation of
proteins (FPOP), coupled to a top-down mass spectrometry (MS) analysis
offers an alternative analytical method for probing protein structure
or protein interaction with other biomolecules, for instance, proteins
and DNA. However, with the increasing mass of studied analytes, the
MS/MS spectra become complex and exhibit a low signal-to-noise ratio.
Nevertheless, these difficulties may be overcome by protein isotope
depletion. Thus, we aimed to use protein isotope depletion to analyze
FPOP-oxidized samples by top-down MS analysis. For this purpose, we
prepared isotopically natural (IN) and depleted (ID) forms of the
FOXO4 DNA binding domain (FOXO4-DBD) and studied the protein–DNA
interaction interface with double-stranded DNA, the insulin response
element (IRE), after exposing the complex to hydroxyl radicals. As
shown by comparing tandem mass spectra of natural and depleted proteins,
the ID form increased the signal-to-noise ratio of useful fragment
ions, thereby enhancing the sequence coverage by more than 19%. This
improvement in the detection of fragment ions enabled us to detect
22 more oxidized residues in the ID samples than in the IN sample.
Moreover, less common modifications were detected in the ID sample,
including the formation of ketones and lysine carbonylation. Given
the higher quality of ID top-down MSMS data set, these results provide
more detailed information on the complex formation between transcription
factors and DNA-response elements. Therefore, our study highlights
the benefits of isotopic depletion for quantitative top-down proteomics.
Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD044447.