Structural Adaptive, Self-Separating Material for Removing Ibuprofen from Waters and Sewage

Abstract

β-Cyclodextrin nanosponge (β−CD−M) was used for the adsorption of ibuprofen (IBU) from water and sewage. The obtained material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH), Harkins and Jura t-Plot, zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and elementary analysis (EA). Batch adsorption experiments were employed to investigate the effects of the adsorbent dose, initial IBU concentration, contact time, electrolyte ions and humic acids, and sewage over adsorption efficiency. The experimental isotherms were show off using Langmuir, Freundlich, Hill, Halsey and Sips isotherm models and thermodynamic analysis. The fits of the results were estimated according to the Sips isotherm, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 86.21 mg g−1. The experimental kinetics were studied by pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, modified Freundlich, Weber Morris, Bangham’s pore diffusion, and liquid film diffusion models. The performed experiments revealed that the adsorption process fits perfectly to the pseudo-second-order model. The Elovich and Freundlich models indicate chemisorption, and the kinetic adsorption model itself is complex. The data obtained throughout the study prove that this nanosponge (NS) is extremely stable, self-separating, and adjusting to the guest structure. It also represents a potential biodegradable adsorbent for the removal IBU from wastewaters.

Starch-Based Polymer Materials as Advanced Adsorbents for Sustainable Water Treatment: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

“…β-CD is derived from starch through enzymatic conversion and has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the removal of various organic micropollutants in recent years. Dyes [ 127 ], pesticides [ 127 ], metals [ 126 ], and pharmaceuticals such as ibuprofen [ 128 , 129 ], naproxen [ 130 ], imipramine, bisphenol-S, procaine, ciprofloxacin [ 126 ], acetaminophen [ 131 ], salbutamol, atenolol [ 132 ], estradiol (E2) [ 133 ], and 17β-estradiol [ 134 ] have all been successfully removed using β-CD-based adsorbent. β-CD has hydroxyl groups on the exterior of the torus, making it hydrophilic, while the interior is hydrophobic [ 135 ].…”

“…Adsorbents made from rape straw biomass fiber/β-CD/Fe 3 O 4 and β-cyclodextrin nanosponge (β−CD−M) have been proven to be effective in removing ibuprofen from water and sewage. The maximum adsorption capabilities of these adsorbents are 48.29 and 86.21 mg/g, respectively [ 128 , 129 ]. Ibuprofen can be removed from wastewater using β-CD-M with 84% to 100% efficiency for concentrations ranging from 2.06 to 0.021 mg L −1 , respectively [ 129 ].…”

“…The maximum adsorption capabilities of these adsorbents are 48.29 and 86.21 mg/g, respectively [ 128 , 129 ]. Ibuprofen can be removed from wastewater using β-CD-M with 84% to 100% efficiency for concentrations ranging from 2.06 to 0.021 mg L −1 , respectively [ 129 ]. β−CD−M can be compared to a honeycomb, with the cells being β−CD molecules and the backbone consisting of elastic urethane and allophanate chains.…”

Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges as an Environmentally Sustainable Solution for Water Treatment: A Review

“…These nanosponges could remove more than 70% of the ibuprofen drug molecules from an aqueous solution. The main interactive forces responsible for its sorption are hydrogen bonding, ion exchange, and host–guest complex formation …”

“…The main interactive forces responsible for its sorption are hydrogen bonding, ion exchange, and host−guest complex formation. 177 Recently, graphene-modified β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges were found to be efficient for the elimination of roxarsone. Liu et al created positively charged nanosponges by cross-linking β-cyclodextrin with citric acid and graphene followed by the addition of dimethyldodecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ammonium chloride.…”