Stroop Performance, Dissociation, and Trauma Exposure in a Community Sample of Children

DePrince, Anne P.; Weinzierl, Kristin M.; Combs, Melody D.

doi:10.1080/15299730802048603

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These results are in line with other studies that suggest that, depending on the attentional condition, dissociation may actually result in improved performance. For example, higher levels of dissociation are related to better interference control under divided attention conditions (e.g., on the Stroop task) and worse interference control under selective attention conditions (DePrince, Weinzierl, & Combs, 2008 ). These results may be explained by the cognitive environments conceptualization of dissociation (DePrince & Freyd, 1999 ), which suggests that dissociation may coincide with chronically fragmented attention, resulting in the ability to process multiple information streams simultaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study, veterans with a comorbid dissociative disorder performed worse on measures of verbal recollective memory, attention, and executive functioning than veterans without a comorbid dissociative disorder (Roca et al, 2006 ). Further, higher levels of non-pathological dissociation among healthy subjects were associated with increased interference on a Stroop task (DePrince, Weinzierl, & Combs, 2008 ) and inhibitory deficits (Cromer, Stevens, DePrince, & Pears, 2006 ); these findings have been replicated in dissociative identity disorder (Dorahy, Middleton, & Irwin, 2005 ). Similarly, individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) who reported high levels of trait dissociation performed worse than healthy controls on tests of attention, executive functioning, and long-term memory (Haaland & Landrø, 2009 ).…”

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confidence: 88%

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Dissociative symptoms are associated with reduced neuropsychological performance in patients with recurrent depression and a history of trauma exposure

Parlar

Frewen

Oremus

et al. 2016

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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BackgroundAlthough preliminary work suggests that dissociative symptoms may impact neuropsychological performance in trauma-exposed populations, the relation between dissociation and cognitive performance has not been explored in patients with depression.ObjectiveThe present study examined dissociative symptoms in relation to neuropsychological performance in participants with a primary diagnosis of recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) and a history of trauma exposure.MethodTwenty-three participants with MDD and 20 healthy controls who did not differ in age, sex, education, or IQ were assessed. In addition to a standardized neuropsychological battery assessing frontotemporally mediated cognitive processes, participants completed clinical measures assessing dissociative symptoms, illness severity, and past history of trauma exposure.ResultsAmong participants with MDD, greater severity of derealization was associated with reduced performance on measures of delayed visuospatial recall and recognition on a task of verbal memory recognition. In addition, more severe depersonalization was associated with slower processing speed and a response style lending itself toward better performance in a less active environment.ConclusionsThese findings point toward dissociative symptoms as a transdiagnostic factor associated with neuropsychological dysfunction in patients with depression and a history of trauma. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Dissociative symptoms are associated with reduced neuropsychological performance in patients with recurrent depression and a history of trauma exposure

Parlar

Frewen

Oremus

et al. 2016

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Impaired executive functioning is one hypothesized mechanism that may explain this relationship. Dissociation is inversely related to executive functions including processing speed, auditory processing, working memory, inhibition, and interference control in school-aged youth (DePrince et al, 2008; 2009). These functions are imperative for academic success.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These symptoms might interfere with a child's ability to focus their attention in class and/or bond with their classmates, both of which could lead to poor AF. No known studies have examined the specific relationship between dissociative symptoms and AF, even though dissociation has been associated with other mental health and cognitive problems (e.g., ADHD, impaired executive functioning; DePrince, Weinzierl, & Combs, 2008, 2009; Matsumoto & Imamura, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociative Symptoms and Academic Functioning in Maltreated Children: A Preliminary Study

Perzow

Petrenko

Garrido

et al. 2013

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

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Research has identified numerous negative sequelae of child maltreatment that may adversely impact academic functioning (AF). There is limited research, however, on the relationship between specific trauma symptoms, such as dissociation, and poor AF. This cross-sectional study examined the association between dissociative symptoms and multi-informant reports of AF in a sample of maltreated youth with a history of out-of-home care. Participants included 149 youth and their caregivers and teachers. Dissociative symptoms were measured based on youth report, while AF was assessed using: 1) standardized measures of academic achievement, 2) youth-report measures of school membership and perceived academic competence, 3) caregiver reports of youths’ performance in school, and 4) teacher reports of student grades. Results of multiple regression analyses suggested that dissociative symptoms were generally related to poorer AF after controlling for IQ, age, gender, and the total number of school and caregiver transitions. Implications for school personnel are discussed.

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“…[ 20 ] Other studies also suggest that individuals showing higher levels of dissociation had more executive difficulties, and greater deficiencies in tasks of memory for context-dependent verbal material and visuospatial working memory. [ 21 22 23 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of cognitive function and adjustment difficulties among children and adolescents with dissociative disorder

Ranjan

Mehta

Sagar

et al. 2016

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice

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Background and Aims:Although it has been suggested that children and adolescents with dissociative disorder have some cognitive deficits, the association of these cognitive impairments with adjustment difficulties has not been evaluated. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between cognitive functioning and adjustment difficulties in children and adolescents with dissociative disorder.Methods:This cross-sectional, descriptive assessment was carried out in the outpatient setting of child and adolescent psychiatric service in a tertiary care hospital. Fifty newly diagnosed children and adolescents with dissociative disorder were included. The cognitive functions were assessed by varied neuropsychological tests, and Bell's adjustment inventory was used for assessing various domains of adjustment.Results:The mean age of the sample which comprised 40% males was 13.0 (±2.4) years. The mean intelligence quotient (IQ) of the sample was 90.6. Impairment in cognitive test was maximum for verbal working memory followed by sustained attention, visual learning and memory, and verbal retention and recall. Adjustment difficulties were greatest in the domains of self, followed by domains of health, school, and family. Significant association was found between the IQ and adjustment in school; visual learning and memory and adjustments in school and overall adjustment; and sustained attention and adjustment of health.Conclusions:Dissociative children have poor cognitive ability which may be related to poor adjustment scores.

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Stroop Performance, Dissociation, and Trauma Exposure in a Community Sample of Children

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Dissociative symptoms are associated with reduced neuropsychological performance in patients with recurrent depression and a history of trauma exposure

Dissociative symptoms are associated with reduced neuropsychological performance in patients with recurrent depression and a history of trauma exposure

Dissociative Symptoms and Academic Functioning in Maltreated Children: A Preliminary Study

Relationship of cognitive function and adjustment difficulties among children and adolescents with dissociative disorder

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