Stroop interference effect in schizophrenic patients: An electrophysiological approach

Markela-Lerenc, Jaana; Schmidt-Kraepelin, Christian; Roesch-Ely, Daniela; Mundt, Christoph; Weisbrod, Matthias; Kaiser, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.10.005

Cited by 23 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…These results are inconsistent with those of previous studies that observed reduced SP amplitudes in response to incongruent stimuli in patients with schizophrenia relative to normal controls [23]. However, a recent study reported that patients with schizophrenia have reduced SP amplitude in response to incongruent stimuli only in the first block but not in the second block when stimuli are presented in two blocks, indicating that SP amplitude could be affected by practice [22]. Only studies that employed the modified Stroop task, which requires more attention, and included patients with more severe psychotic symptoms show reduced SP amplitude in response to incongruent stimuli [22].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…These results are consistent with those of previous studies that observed no significant difference in N450 amplitudes between incongruent and congruent stimuli in patients with schizophrenia [22,23]. The FN or N450 reflects the detection of cognitive conflicts because the FN amplitude is modulated by the ratio of congruent to incongruent stimuli, and FN amplitude elicited by incongruent is greater than that elicited by congruent or neutral stimuli [21,24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, a recent study reported that patients with schizophrenia have reduced SP amplitude in response to incongruent stimuli only in the first block but not in the second block when stimuli are presented in two blocks, indicating that SP amplitude could be affected by practice [22]. Only studies that employed the modified Stroop task, which requires more attention, and included patients with more severe psychotic symptoms show reduced SP amplitude in response to incongruent stimuli [22]. Therefore, the absence of a difference in SP amplitude between the schizotypal-trait and control groups seemed to be due participants' having less severe symptoms and to the classic single-trial version of the Stroop task employed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The SP amplitude is greater in response to incongruent stimuli than to congruent and neutral stimuli in normal controls [19,26], but in patients with schizophrenia, either no difference in SP amplitude is observed between incongruent and congruent stimuli [23] or SP amplitude is significantly reduced [22]. The functional role of SP is less clear than that of the FN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Frontal negativity (FN) (also called N450), usually observed in fronto-central sites at 300 -500 ms after stimulus onset, reflects the detection of cognitive conflicts because FN amplitude is modulated by the ratio of congruent to incongruent stimuli [21]. Normal controls show significantly greater FN amplitudes to incongruent than to congruent or neutral stimuli, whereas patients with schizophrenia show no differences in FN amplitudes between incongruent and congruent stimuli [22,23]. The cortical sources of the FN are the ACC [19,20,24,25] and the PFC [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrophysiological correlates of cognitive inhibition in college students with schizotypal traits

Kim¹,

Oh²,

Jang³

et al. 2012

OJPsych

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Objective: We investigated cognitive inhibition in nonclinical individuals with schizotypal traits using eventrelated potentials. Methods: College students with psychometrically defined schizotypal traits (n = 16) and normal controls (n = 15) participated. The computerized Stroop task with three types of stimuli, i.e., congruent, incongruent, and neutral words, was used to measure cognitive inhibition. Results: The schizotypaltrait group committed significantly more errors in response to incongruent words than did the control group. The control group showed frontal negativity (FN) of significantly greater amplitude in response to incongruent than to congruent and neutral stimuli, whereas the schizotypal-trait group showed no significant difference in FN amplitude between incongruent and congruent/neutral stimuli at 300 -400 ms poststimulus. A source localization analysis conducted in different waveforms for incongruent minus congruent conditions at 300 -400 ms poststimulus showed reduced activation in the left cingulate cortex and in the middle/medial prefrontal cortex in the schizotypal-trait group compared with the control group. The two groups did not differ in the sustained potential amplitudes observed at 550 -650 ms after stimulus-onset at parietal sites. Conclusions: These results suggest that individuals with schizotypal traits have difficulties in conflict detection and cognitive inhibition, possibly mediated by the cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrophysiological correlates of cognitive inhibition in college students with schizotypal traits

Kim¹,

Oh²,

Jang³

et al. 2012

OJPsych

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Chronic cannabis users show altered neurophysiological functioning on Stroop task conflict resolution

et al. 2010

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Influence of empathetic pain processing on cognition in schizophrenia

Lijffijt

Beauchaine

et al. 2014

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Deficits in both empathy and cognition have been reported widely in patients with schizophrenia. However, little is known about how these deficits interact among such patients. In the present study, we used pain portraying pictures preceding a color-word Stroop task to investigate the effect of empathetic pain observation on cognition among patients with schizophrenia. Twenty patients with schizophrenia and twenty healthy controls were included. The control group showed increased Stroop facilitation and decreased interference during the empathetic pain condition compared with the non-empathetic condition. Although patients with schizophrenia exhibited deficits in cognition, they demonstrated a similar empathy effect to controls on Stroop facilitation, but a somewhat larger empathy effect on Stroop interference (a more decreased effect). In particular, the groups did not differ in either automatic or controlled processing during the non-empathetic condition, suggesting general rather than specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Together, we interpret our findings in terms of two opposing effects of empathy on cognition in schizophrenia, with possible neuromodulatory mechanism. Whereas prior studies showed empathy to be impaired, our outcomes indicate that at least some components of empathetic pain processing are preserved in such patients.

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Stroop interference effect in schizophrenic patients: An electrophysiological approach

Cited by 23 publications

References 57 publications

Electrophysiological correlates of cognitive inhibition in college students with schizotypal traits

Electrophysiological correlates of cognitive inhibition in college students with schizotypal traits

Chronic cannabis users show altered neurophysiological functioning on Stroop task conflict resolution

Influence of empathetic pain processing on cognition in schizophrenia

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