Strontium 90 fallout in Antarctica

Wilgain, S.; Picciotto, Edgardo; Breuck, William De

doi:10.1029/jz070i024p06023

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Data for Byrd Station (80' S, 120" W) for the period 1962-64 (Volchok, 1965) indicate deposition of about 10 % of the amount recorded in New Zealand. The atmospheric (Lockhart et al, 1966) and precipitation (Wilgain et al, 1965) Sr-90 concentrations are very close to those at mid-latitudes. For Base Roi Baudouin, the concentrations in snow for the years 1955-62 are very close to those recorded in New Zealand rainwater (Table 1).…”

Section: -mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The fallout of Sr-90 from injections into the lower tropical stratosphere has followed a fairly typical pattern. Appearance at ground level follows in the first spring season after stratospheric injection, and the mean stratospheric residence time is of order I year (e.g quantities of particulate fallout from the 1954 U.S. Castle test series were deposited in Antarctic snows during the 1954-55 southern summer (Libby, 1956; Picciotto & Wilgain, 1963; Vickers, 1963;Wilgain et al, 1965)). Movement of particulate debris within the lower stratosphere has been well illustrated by the earlier results of the High Altitude Sampling Programme (see e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of tritium and strontium-90 fallout in the Southern Hemisphere

Taylor¹

1968

Tellus

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The histories of THO and Sr-90 fallout in the Southern Hemisphere are compared for the data available to June 1966.The seasonal variation pattern (JulyJune) for THO in mid-latitude oceanic rainwaters is fairly closely reproduced from year to year, and peaks in late winter-spring. The peak coincides with the absence of the temperature inversion at the polar tropopause, suggesting that the stratosphere-troposphere exchange of the bulk of Southern Hemisphere THO fallout takes place over the polar regions.For Sr-90 in mid-latitude rainwaters, the seasonal variation pattern is not so closely reproduced from year to year, but shows a broad summer maximum and winter minimum. It appears that the bulk of the bomb particulate products mixes southward within the lower stratosphere and enters the troposphere at mid-latitudes, the seasonal fallout variation being similar to that found for the Northern Hemisphere, but 6 months out of phase.Consideration of the balance of THO in the troposphere leads to a relation which allows a seasonal variation pattern for the stratosphere-troposphere exchange of THO to be deduced from the rainwater concentrations.

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Section: -mentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of tritium and strontium-90 fallout in the Southern Hemisphere

Taylor¹

1968

Tellus

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“…Time markers from artificial radionuclides are based on radioisotopes from atmospheric nuclear weapon tests (United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, France, China, and India) carried out between 1953 and 1980. They were deposited in Antarctica after transport in the upper atmosphere and stratosphere [ Picciotto and Wilgain , 1963; Wilgain et al , 1965; Feely et al , 1966; Picciotto et al , 1971; Lambert et al , 1977; Carter and Moghissi , 1977; Jouzel et al , 1979; Kamiyama et al , 1989]. Since the signing of the Limited Nuclear Weapon Test Ban Treaty in 1963, the number of atmospheric nuclear weapon tests greatly decreased with tests being carried out mainly underground.…”

Section: Measurement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground‐based measurements of spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation in East Antarctica

Eisen

Frezzotti

Genthon

et al. 2008

Reviews of Geophysics

190

209

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The East Antarctic Ice Sheet is the largest, highest, coldest, driest, and windiest ice sheet on Earth. Understanding of the surface mass balance (SMB) of Antarctica is necessary to determine the present state of the ice sheet, to make predictions of its potential contribution to sea level rise, and to determine its past history for paleoclimatic reconstructions. However, SMB values are poorly known because of logistic constraints in extreme polar environments, and they represent one of the biggest challenges of Antarctic science. Snow accumulation is the most important parameter for the SMB of ice sheets. SMB varies on a number of scales, from small‐scale features (sastrugi) to ice‐sheet‐scale SMB patterns determined mainly by temperature, elevation, distance from the coast, and wind‐driven processes. In situ measurements of SMB are performed at single points by stakes, ultrasonic sounders, snow pits, and firn and ice cores and laterally by continuous measurements using ground‐penetrating radar. SMB for large regions can only be achieved practically by using remote sensing and/or numerical climate modeling. However, these techniques rely on ground truthing to improve the resolution and accuracy. The separation of spatial and temporal variations of SMB in transient regimes is necessary for accurate interpretation of ice core records. In this review we provide an overview of the various measurement techniques, related difficulties, and limitations of data interpretation; describe spatial characteristics of East Antarctic SMB and issues related to the spatial and temporal representativity of measurements; and provide recommendations on how to perform in situ measurements.

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“…Before melting, Pb and S r carriers in concentrated nitric acid were added to the samples. The chemical and lowlevel counting techniques performed have been previously described by Crozaz, Picciotto and De Breuck [2] and Crozaz [7] for 210pb and by Wilgain, Picciotto and De Breuck [9] for ^Osr. Table 1 210pb and ^Ogj-in fy-^ saraples from the accumulation area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%