Strongyloidiasis

Prasad, Kashi Nath; Sahu, Chinmoy

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-7204-0_43

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Of those, 254 (50.9%) and 245 (49.5%) were females and males, respectively. Virological failure was considered to have occurred when HVL exceeded 1000 copies/mL in two consecutive measurements within a 3-month interval with adherence support after at least six months of following ART [25,26]. ART failure is now recognized as associated with virological, immunologic, and/or clinical failure [27][28][29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Management of Helminthiasis and Virological Outcomes among HIV Co-infected Under-fives: A Case Study of Mwananyamala Hospital, Tanzania

Ng’ondya

Sangeda

Mwambete

2023

AJMAH

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Background: Helminthiasis (HL) is a parasitic infection caused by worms that infect human body. The disease affects different regions of the world, but it is more prevalent in sub-Saharan African countries. A strong association between immunological status and helminthiasis among under-fives living with HIV infection (ULHI) has been reported. Aim: The study aimed to assess the prevalence and management of helminthiasis and virological outcomes among ULHI receiving health care at the Care and Treatment Centre (CTC) located at Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methodology: This was a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study involving scrutiny of the clinical records of ULHI, who sought medical attention at MRRH. The clinical records were randomly selected and examined, focusing on the prevalence rate of HL, the co-management of HIV and HL infections, the virological outcome based on the HIV viral load, and other relevant data. Results: A total of 499 ULHI were involved; of those, 254 (50.9%) were females and 245 (49.5%) were males. About 49% of the ULHI had HL. The prevalence of HL and the age of ULHI were both associated with the virological outcome (HVL). ULHI with lower HVL had a relatively greater HL prevalence. The most widely utilized antihelmintics were ABZ, MBZ and IVE, in that order. The most frequently prescribed drugs for co-infections were ABZ-ALL and MBZ-TLD combinations, which exhibited lower HVL. Conclusion: Helminthiasis is still prevalent among ULHI, and use of prophylactic antihelminthics was associated with virological success (lower HVL). The prevalence of HL was relatively higher among ULHI with lower HVL.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Management of Helminthiasis and Virological Outcomes among HIV Co-infected Under-fives: A Case Study of Mwananyamala Hospital, Tanzania

Ng’ondya

Sangeda

Mwambete

2023

AJMAH

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“…The phenomenon of hyperinfection by Strongyloides stercoralis is attributed to the loss of immune containment capacity that favors the rapid multiplication of the nematode (LUVIRA et al, 2022;CZERESNIA & WEISS, 2022;PRASAD & SAHU, 2022), or that the metabolites of steroids used in treatment can mimic ecdysteroids, substances involved in Strongyloides multiplication processes (GENTA, 1992;HERBERT et al, 2022). Hyperinfection in patients undergoing immunosuppression has been known since before the COVID-19 pandemic, but the multiplication of the number of individuals requiring steroid therapy to contain the cytokine cascade in severe forms of COVID-19 amplifies the possibility of incidence of disseminated strongyloidiasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These larvae can penetrate the intestinal mucosa or perianal mucosa, reaching the blood or lymphatic networks and following the infective course to the lungs and again to the intestine. This peculiarity allows Strongyloides stercoralis to complete its evolutionary cycle without leaving the organism of its host, unlike other parasitic nematodes (PAGE et al, 2018;LUVIRA et al, 2022;CZERESNIA & WEISS, 2022;PRASAD & SAHU, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This clinical condition causes high mortality rates, presenting signs and symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal involvement with edema, obstructions, ulcerations and hemorrhage with the possibility of peritonitis and secondary bacterial infection; cough, dyspnea, hoarseness, pneumonia, hemoptysis, and respiratory failure. Thus, hyperinfection by Strongyloides stercoralis should be analyzed as a systemic disease, not just as an intestinal parasitosis, because it more broadly compromises the patient's health (AHMADPOUR et al, 2019;AMIN et al, 2019;LUVIRA et al, 2022;CZERESNIA & WEISS, 2022;PRASAD & SAHU, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steroid therapy in COVID-19 as a triggering factor for Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection

Norberg,

Manhães

et al. 2023

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Strongyloides stercoralis is a nematode with worldwide geographical distribution, most frequent in tropical areas, especially prevalent in areas with poor sanitary conditions. The disease caused by S. stercoralis is known as strongyloidiasis and parasitism is usually asymptomatic. Infection by this nematode may, however, present severe symptoms in hosts with immune system deficiencies. The aim of this research is to investigate, through a review of current scientific literature, the treatment of severe COVID-19 with immunosuppressants as a triggering factor for Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection. There are scarce records in the scientific literature on Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection consequent to treatment of COVID-19 with steroid drugs, mainly in endemic areas. We believe that this complication may be highly underestimated. The finding of eosinophilia in the blood count of patients after receiving immunosuppressive therapy during COVID-19 corticoid treatment is an important marker for the possibility of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection and should prompt laboratory studies for nematode screening, mainly serology and PCR.

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Strongyloidiasis

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence and Management of Helminthiasis and Virological Outcomes among HIV Co-infected Under-fives: A Case Study of Mwananyamala Hospital, Tanzania

Prevalence and Management of Helminthiasis and Virological Outcomes among HIV Co-infected Under-fives: A Case Study of Mwananyamala Hospital, Tanzania

Steroid therapy in COVID-19 as a triggering factor for Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection

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