Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection and Concomitant Cytomegalovirus Gastroenteritis in an Immunocompromised Host

Crowe, Brooks R.; Duenas, Sean Michael; Serrano, Antonio E.; Kingsbery, Joseph; Williams, Reneé

doi:10.14309/crj.0000000000000135

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(22 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The 20 manuscripts included were all in the editorial form of case reports [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], barring the retrospective analysis by Miglioli-Galvão and colleagues [ 30 ], and 31 patients were included. The paper by Miglioli-Galvão et al did not include clinical and microbiological data of the patients (n = 10), and for this reason it was excluded from the final analysis presented in Table 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the cases presented in this review occurred in males [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Females, in fact, comprised one third of the total cases reviewed, and the median age in women was 59 (46–66) years [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Interestingly, Arakaki and colleagues [ 31 ] compared high-endemic groups and lower-endemic groups in Okinawa (Japan), showing that patients were older at the time of Strongyloides diagnosis in a setting with lower prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Overlapping Infection by Strongyloides spp. and Cytomegalovirus in the Immunocompromised Host: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Strongyloides and cytomegalovirus co-infections are rarely reported, even though they are distinguished by high morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised hosts. We narratively reviewed the literature on reported cases of Strongyloides and CMV co-infections in immunosuppressed patients. Most cases occurred in males with a median age of 47 (IQR, 37–59). Strongyloides/CMV co-infections occurred among immunocompromised hosts, especially in solid organ transplants and hematological or rheumatological diseases. Most of the patients underwent a course of steroid treatment before the diagnosis of co-infections. Other common immunomodulatory agents were tacrolimus and mycophenolate. The first clinical manifestations of co-infections were mainly gastrointestinal, followed by respiratory symptoms. CMV was, in most patients, co-infected with an isolated reactivation, although Strongyloides manifested especially as hyperinfection syndrome. Ganciclovir and ivermectin are the mainstays of CMV and Strongyloides treatment. However, the treatment mortality reported in this narrative review is around 52.4%. Interestingly secondary bacterial infections are common in CMV/Strongyloides-infected patients.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Overlapping Infection by Strongyloides spp. and Cytomegalovirus in the Immunocompromised Host: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 15 , 16 Co-infection with cytomegalovirus may further suppress the immune system, exacerbating Strongyloides stercoralis infection. 17 Therefore, when treating these patients, co-infection with pathogens like cytomegalovirus should be considered, with appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures taken. When kidney transplant recipients exhibit unexplained gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, clinicians should repeat sputum and stool smear tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive Airway Bleeding Caused by Pulmonary Strongyloidiasis in a Patient with a Transplanted Kidney

Zhu,

Zhang,

Fang

et al. 2024

IMCRJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction We report a fatal case of massive airway bleeding caused by pulmonary strongyloidiasis in a patient with a transplanted kidney. Case Presentation A 47-year-old male, regularly taking immunosuppressants post-kidney transplant, visited our hospital with symptoms of abdominal bloating, nausea, and emesis persisting for three days. After hospitalization, he developed a cough, hemoptysis, and respiratory failure. Sputum analysis confirmed an infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis. Despite receiving albendazole therapy and bronchoscopic management for bronchial hemorrhage, the patient ultimately died due to acute respiratory and circulatory collapse triggered by severe airway bleeding. Conclusion Patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy following kidney transplantation are at increased risk for disseminated strongyloidiasis. Consequently, infectious disease screening prior to transplantation, along with essential preventive pharmacotherapy, is of paramount importance.

show abstract

“…Individuals with impaired immune system are strongly affected by helminth infections, e.g., immunocompromised patients infected with Strongyloides stercoralis and Schistosoma mansoni (Crowe et al, 2019;Brandão et al, 2012). There is also evidence that T. canis infection in immunosuppressed mice causes an increase in the intensity of the infection and an increase in tissue damage (Eid et al, 2015;Avila et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclosporine A increases the intensity of Toxocara canis infection in swiss mice

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution. The connection between parasitic diseases and conditions that depress the immune system, such as the use of immunosuppressive drugs, has been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cyclosporine A (CsA) on the intensity of infection, humoral response and gene transcription of interleukins IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 in mice experimentally infected with Toxocara canis. To this end, mice were divided into two groups treated with CsA (G1: 10 mg/Kg and G2: 50 mg/kg), the G3 and G4 group received PBS. After the last administration of the drug or PBS (orally every 48 hours for 15 days), groups G1, G2 and G3 were inoculated with 1200 eggs of T. canis. Was collected blood samples on days zero, 15 and 30 days post-inoculation (PI), for ELISA test and the mice were euthanized 30 days PI. The organs and striated muscle tissue were collected for the recovery of larvae. The splenocytes were analyzed by RT-PCR. The intensity of infection in the mice treated with 50 mg/kg of CsA was 65.5% higher than in the control group (p=0.001). An analysis of the kinetics of anti-Toxocara antibody revealed that the groups treated with CsA showed significantly higher mean levels of antibodies on day 15 PI. The transcription of the three tested interleukins showed no statistical difference between G2 and G3 (control). It was concluded that the immunosuppression triggered by CsA (50 mg/Kg) favored the establishment of a larger number of T. canis larvae without, however, altering immunoglobulin production and IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 transcription on day 30 PI.

show abstract

Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection and Concomitant Cytomegalovirus Gastroenteritis in an Immunocompromised Host

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Overlapping Infection by Strongyloides spp. and Cytomegalovirus in the Immunocompromised Host: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Overlapping Infection by Strongyloides spp. and Cytomegalovirus in the Immunocompromised Host: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Massive Airway Bleeding Caused by Pulmonary Strongyloidiasis in a Patient with a Transplanted Kidney

Cyclosporine A increases the intensity of Toxocara canis infection in swiss mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About