Strongyloides

Viney, Mark

doi:10.1017/s0031182016001773

Cited by 41 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The parasitic forms measure around 2.5 mm in length and have filariform esophagus that occupies about a third of their body size, whereas the free-living females are smaller, measuring up to 1 mm in length and with a rhabditiform esophagus occupying only 10% of the body of the parasite. 9 Besides, parasitic female worms live in the small intestinal mucosa, forming tunnels in the epithelium at the bases of villi in the small intestines, being rarely found in feces. The presence of a free-living form in the individual feces is probably due to the intestinal constipation, and could indicate that both parthenogenetic and sexual reproduction may be occurring in the host, which could enhance the parasite load, as was observed in the infected individual before the treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection in a Patient with HTLV-1: An Infection with Filariform and Rhabditiform Larvae, Eggs, and Free-Living Adult Females Output

Souza

Soares

Goes

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Strongyloides stercoralis is the main etiological agent of human strongyloidiasis. Severe strongyloidiasis is commonly associated to alcoholism, corticostereoid use, and human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) coinfection. Herein, we report a case of a 13-year-old boy coinfected with S. stercoralis and HTLV-1, excreting several parasitic forms in the stool. The parasitological examination of his feces showed a large amount of filariform (about 3,000 larvae per gram of feces) and rhabditiform larvae (about 2,000 larvae per gram of feces). In addition, free-living adult females (about 50 parasites per gram of feces) and eggs (about 60 eggs per gram of feces) were detected. The main laboratory findings pointed to high immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels (228 UI/mL) and eosinophila (11.6%). The patient was treated with three courses of ivermectin (200 μg/kg twice, 2 weeks apart), achieving the parasitological cure. An increase of about 19 times in interleucin (IL)-17 level was observed following the parasitological cure, in addition to a decrease in the white blood cell, eosinophil counts, and IgE levels. This is the first case report, to our knowledge, in which an S. stercoralis adult free-living female was described in human feces and where an increase in IL-17 levels after Strongyloides treatment in a HTLV-1 coinfected individual was observed. This finding raises the need for further studies about IL-17 immunomodulation in S. stercoralis and HTLV-1 coinfected patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection in a Patient with HTLV-1: An Infection with Filariform and Rhabditiform Larvae, Eggs, and Free-Living Adult Females Output

Souza

Soares

Goes

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Die frei lebenden männlichen und weiblichen Würmer können sich sexuell fortpflanzen, wobei der weibliche Wurm wiederum infektiöse Larven produziert [13]. Diese Larven dringen über die Haut in den menschlichen Körper ein, gelangen in die Blutbahn und werden in die Lungen getragen.…”

Section: Lebenszyklus Und Pathologieunclassified

“…Diese Larven dringen über die Haut in den menschlichen Körper ein, gelangen in die Blutbahn und werden in die Lungen getragen. Von dort gelangen sie über das tracheobronchiale System schlussendlich in den Gastrointestinaltrakt [13]. In einem Autoinfektionszyklus entwickeln sich bereits im Darm infektiöse Larven, penetrieren die Mukosa und erhalten Anschluss an das Gefäßsystem (▶ Abb.…”

Section: Lebenszyklus Und Pathologieunclassified

Gastrointestinale und biliäre Parasitosen

Omansen¹,

Jochum²,

Ramharter³

2020

Gastroenterologie up2date

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“…The remainder of the L1s develops via a heterogonic cycle to freeliving males and females, undergoing four molts in the process. Free-living adults reproduce sexually to produce only female progeny that develop to iL3 that require a host for further development [30,31]. Free-living development by most Strongyloides spp.…”

Section: Basic Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strongyloides spp. infect their mammalian hosts by active penetration of skin in a manner similar to the percutaneous route of infection by larval hookworms [31]. Infective iL3 develop in the soil either directly from L1 voided in the feces or indirectly via a generation of free-living males and females.…”

Section: Physicochemical Communication Between S Stercoralis and Itsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Molecular and Cellular Biology of Strongyloides spp.

Jaleta

Lok

2019

Curr Trop Med Rep

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Purpose of Review This paper constitutes an update of recent studies on the general biology, molecular genetics, and cellular biology of Strongyloides spp. and related parasitic nematodes. Recent Findings Increasingly, human strongyloidiasis is considered the most neglected of neglected tropical diseases. Despite this, the last 5 years has seen remarkable advances in the molecular biology of Strongyloides spp. Genome sequences for S. stercoralis, S. ratti, S. venezuelensis, S. papillosus, and the related parasite Parastrongyloides trichosuri were created, annotated, and analyzed. These genomic resources, along with a practical transgenesis platform for Strongyloides spp., aided a major achievement, the advent of targeted mutagenesis via CRISPR/Cas9 in S. stercoralis and S. ratti. The genome sequences have also enabled significant molecular epidemiologic and phylogenetic findings on human strongyloidiasis, including the first genetic evidence of zoonotic transmission of S. stercoralis between dogs and humans. Studies of molecular signaling pathways identified the nuclear receptor Ss-DAF-12 as one that can be manipulated in the parasite by exogenous application of its steroid ligands. The chemotherapeutic implications of this were unscored by a study in which a Ss-DAF-12 ligand suppressed autoinfection by S. stercoralis in a new murine model of human strongyloidiasis. Summary Seminal advances in genomics of Strongyloides spp. have transformed research into strongyloidiasis, facilitating fundamental phylogenetic and epidemiologic studies and aiding the deployment of CRISPR/Cas9 gene disruption and editing as functional genomic tools in Strongyloides spp. Studies of Ss-DAF-12 signaling in S. stercoralis demonstrated the potential of this pathway as a novel chemotherapeutic target in parasitic nematodes.

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Strongyloides

Cited by 41 publications

References 11 publications

Case Report: Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection in a Patient with HTLV-1: An Infection with Filariform and Rhabditiform Larvae, Eggs, and Free-Living Adult Females Output

Case Report: Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection in a Patient with HTLV-1: An Infection with Filariform and Rhabditiform Larvae, Eggs, and Free-Living Adult Females Output

Gastrointestinale und biliäre Parasitosen

Advances in the Molecular and Cellular Biology of Strongyloides spp.

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