Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Rogers‐Bennett, Laura

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396491-5.00027-7

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…From a fisheries standpoint, kelp forest invertebrates now make up a large percentage of the commercial fishing catch value in California (Kildow & Colgan ); two fisheries alone account for a large portion of this total: California spiny lobster ( Panulirus interruptus ) and red sea urchin ( Stronglocentrotus franciscanus) (CDFW ). The majority of these fisheries' landings occurs in Southern California; the red sea urchin fishery is largely restricted to the southern portion of the state due to the sea otter's range to the north (Rogers‐Bennett ), whereas the California spiny lobster's range is only south of Point Conception. In recent years, commercial fisheries for other invertebrate species have emerged in Southern California [‘emerging fishery species’ – e.g .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biogeography and community structure of kelp forest macroinvertebrates

et al. 2016

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Understanding species distributions and their community structure is increasingly important when taking an ecosystem-based approach to conservation and management. However, knowledge of the distribution and community structure of species in mid-range trophic levels (e.g. macroinvertebrates) is lacking in most marine ecosystems. Our study aimed to examine the spatial distribution and community-level biogeographic patterns of common kelp forest-rocky reef macroinvertebrates in Southern California and to evaluate the effects of environmental gradients on these communities. Quantitative SCUBA surveys were used to estimate macroinvertebrate densities at 92 sites from 2008-2012. Non-metric multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate spatial patterns of macroinvertebrate communities among Regions. We found that kelp forest-rocky reef macroinvertebrate communities are distinct among different island and mainland regions, and their community patterns exhibited a strong relationship with an environmental gradient (i.e. sea surface temperature) even after controlling for geographic distance between sites. High abundances of urchin species (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) were strong drivers of regional differences. Macroinvertebrate community patterns were driven by characteristic species that were typically more prevalent at warmer or colder sites. Our results provide the first quantitative analysis of macroinvertebrate community structure within the California kelp forest ecosystem. We also describe the distribution and abundance of 92 conspicuous kelp forest-rocky reef macroinvertebrates among nine pre-defined Regions. This study provides important preliminary information on these macroinvertebrate species that will be directly useful to inform management of invertebrate fisheries and spatial protection of marine resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biogeography and community structure of kelp forest macroinvertebrates

et al. 2016

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“…Given the importance of urchin fisheries throughout California and elsewhere globally (Kato and Schroeter 1985, Kalvass and Hendrix 1997, Sonu 2003, Rogers-Bennett 2007, and the impact and potentially increasing prevalence of urchin barrens (Dean et al 1984, Harrold and Reed 1985, Steneck et al 2002, Konar and Estes 2003, Graham 2004, kelp restoration by removing urchins from barrens may become a management strategy considered more often at the local level. The Palos Verdes Peninsula provides an important case study for implementing MPAs and kelp restoration within a single managed area adjacent to the largest urban area along the West Coast of North America.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this region, Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp) is the dominant biotic habitat forming component in kelp forests, supporting hundreds of species through trophic and/or structural associations (Graham 2004). Meanwhile, the S. franciscanus fishery, where urchins are harvested for their roe (i.e., both male and female gonads), is one of the most important commercial fisheries in California (Sonu 2003, Rogers-Bennett 2007. In 2010, S. franciscanus landings ranked 4th by weight (over 5,000 metric tons) and 5th in value (7.4 million US Dollars) (CDFG 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kelp forest habitat restoration has the potential to increase sea urchin gonad biomass

Claisse

Williams

Ford³

et al. 2013

Ecosphere

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Abstract. When taking an ecosystem-based approach to marine resource management, managers may be able to implement a combination of management tools in order to mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of implementing any one in isolation, while providing greater overall ecological benefits. The harvest of Strongylocentrotus franciscanus (red sea urchin) for their gonads is one of the most important commercial fisheries in California. However, in some locations, high densities of the unfished Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) can clear expanses of kelp forest resulting in ''urchin barrens.'' The lack of macroalgal food resources can result in reduced gonad production, making S. franciscanus within barrens less valuable to a fishery. We investigated the potential of kelp forest habitat restoration, which may be achievable primarily by removing S. purpuratus from barrens, to positively impact the local S. franciscanus fishery and offset the losses in fishing grounds within recently established MPAs in our study area. Generalized linear modeling of the relationship between gonad weight and length (test diameter) demonstrated clear size-specific differences in gonad production between urchins collected in barrens and kelp forests. These relationships varied over time, with the maximum observed mean gonad biomass at length being 484% greater in kelp forest than barren habitat for S. franciscanus just above the legal size limit. The variability in S. franciscanus density (5.2 times greater in urchin barrens), size structure (mean test diameters were approximately 50% greater in kelp forest) and gonad production were then incorporated using Monte Carlo simulations. Results indicated that restoration could potentially result in an 864% increase in S. franciscanus gonad biomass available to the fishery, and a 132% increase in reproductive potential per unit area of urchin barren restored to kelp forest. If all 36 ha of urchin barren habitat mapped outside of the new MPAs in the study area were restored, the increase in gonad biomass available to the fishery could potentially offset 52% of which is now protected within the 109 ha of rocky reef in the new MPAs. Kelp restoration has the potential to play a valuable role as one of many integrated tools in an ecosystem-based management approach.

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“…To further explore the functional implications of the morphological differences between the typical and transversus echinopluteus forms and how they might correlate with respective differences in PLD, we assessed the feeding ability and growth physiology of a lesser‐studied diadematoid, Centrostephanus coronatus ( Verrill , 1867), with a well‐studied typical echinopluteus, Strongylcentrotus purpuratus ( Stimpson , 1857) (e.g., reviewed in Rogers‐Bennett, ). Larvae of C. coronatus are representative of the echinopluteus transversus form, having two very long postoral arms that project from the body at low elevation angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of growth in typical and transversus echinopluteus larvae

Rendleman

Pace

2018

Invertebrate Biology

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Marine invertebrate larvae are diverse in size and shape. Understanding the functional differences among these larvae and their ecological consequences is critical for understanding the evolution of larval forms and predicting responses to varying environmental conditions. This study compared the growth physiology of two morphologically distinct feeding larvae of echinoid echinoderms: the typical echinopluteus of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, and the less well-known echinopluteus transversus larva of Centrostephanus coronatus. Larvae of both types were reared at 16°C with 20,000 algal cells/ml of food. Despite striking differences in morphology (with late larvae of the two species bearing eight or two arms, respectively), ciliary band length grew at similar rates in both types of larvae. Significant differences between larval types were observed in growth in midline body length and stomach size. Physiologically, the typical echinopluteus larvae of S. purpuratus exhibited higher rates of protein growth, daily ingestion of algae, and aerobic respiration than did the echinopluteus transversus larvae of C. coronatus. The relationships between ingestion rate and ciliary band length or stomach size differed as well, with ingestion rate in larvae of S. purpuratus increasing much more rapidly than that of larvae in C.coronatus in relation to both morphological features. The higher physiological rates in S. purpuratus were not at the expense of increased physiological efficiency: larvae of S. purpuratus had digestive and growth efficiencies that were up to threefold higher than those in larvae of C. coronatus. Taken together, these results demonstrate fundamental differences in performance that go beyond the readily observable differences in morphology of these two larval forms. The reduced physiological capacity and growth efficiency of transversus larvae of C. coronatus provide a physiological basis for their long planktonic duration and possible teleplanktonic dispersal capabilities. The high physiological capacity and efficiency of the typical larvae of S. purpuratus may be adaptive for growing in areas of high seasonal algal abundance.

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Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Cited by 16 publications

References 183 publications

The biogeography and community structure of kelp forest macroinvertebrates

The biogeography and community structure of kelp forest macroinvertebrates

Kelp forest habitat restoration has the potential to increase sea urchin gonad biomass

Physiology of growth in typical and transversus echinopluteus larvae

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