Strongly Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity of Free‐Standing Reduced Graphene Oxide Films Annealed at High Temperature

Renteria, J.; Ramirez, S.; Malekpour, Hoda; Alonso, Beatriz; Centeno, Alba; Zurutuza, Amaia; Cocemasov, Alexandr I.; Nika, Denis L.; Balandin, Alexander A.

doi:10.1002/adfm.201501429

Cited by 492 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Thermal annealing in a proper temperature may partially reduce GO to rGO, thus leading to the higher thermal conductivity of the GFs. Previous studies have corroborated that the thermal annealing temperature exerts a significant impact on the thermal conductivity of the GFs [28,37,38,40]. Renteria et al [38] studied the effect of thermal annealing temperature on the thermal conductivity of the rGO films.…”

Section: Thermal Conductivity Of Free-stranding Graphene Filmsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Previous studies have corroborated that the thermal annealing temperature exerts a significant impact on the thermal conductivity of the GFs [28,37,38,40]. Renteria et al [38] studied the effect of thermal annealing temperature on the thermal conductivity of the rGO films. The in-plane thermal conductivity of the rGO films dramatically increased from ~3 to ~61 W/m·K (room temperature) when GO films were annealed up to 1000 °C, as presented in Figure 7a.…”

Section: Thermal Annealing Temperaturementioning

confidence: 69%

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Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Free-Standing Films for Thermal Management: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Gong

Wang

et al. 2018

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Thermal management in microelectronic devices has become a crucial issue as the devices are more and more integrated into micro-devices. Recently, free-standing graphene films (GFs) with outstanding thermal conductivity, superb mechanical strength, and low bulk density, have been regarded as promising materials for heat dissipation and for use as thermal interfacial materials in microelectronic devices. Recent studies on free-standing GFs obtained via various approaches are reviewed here. Special attention is paid to their synthesis method, thermal conductivity, and potential applications. In addition, the most important factors that affect the thermal conductivity are outlined and discussed. The scope is to provide a clear overview that researchers can adopt when fabricating GFs with improved thermal conductivity and a large area for industrial applications.

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Section: Thermal Conductivity Of Free-stranding Graphene Filmsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Thermal Annealing Temperaturementioning

confidence: 69%

Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Free-Standing Films for Thermal Management: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Gong

Wang

et al. 2018

Coatings

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“…Reduction of GO membranes by strong reductants, such as hydrazine, vitamin C and so on or by hydrothermal treatment can remove oxygen-containing functional groups. 72,75 This process therefore shrinks the interlayer space between GO sheets and increases the barrier properties of the membrane.…”

Section: Multilayer Graphene Desalination Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene membranes for water desalination

2017

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Extensive environmental pollution caused by worldwide industrialization and population growth has led to a water shortage. This problem lowers the quality of human life and wastes a large amount of money worldwide each year due to the related consequences. One main solution for this challenge is water purification. State-of-the-art water purification necessitates the implementation of novel materials and technologies that are cost and energy efficient. In this regard, graphene nanomaterials, with their unique physicochemical properties, are an optimum choice. These materials offer extraordinarily high surface area, mechanical durability, atomic thickness, nanosized pores and reactivity toward polar and non-polar water pollutants. These characteristics impart high selectivity and water permeability, and thus provide excellent water purification efficiency. This review introduces the potential of graphene membranes for water desalination. Although literature reviews have mostly concerned graphene's capability for the adsorption and photocatalysis of water pollutants, updated knowledge related to its sieving properties is quite limited. NPG Asia Materials (2017) 9, e427; doi:10.1038/am.2017.135; published online 25 August 2017 INTRODUCTION Currently,~1.2 billion people around the world are suffering from a shortage of water and its adverse consequences on health, food and energy. 1,2 On one hand, population growth, increased industrialization and greater energy needs and, on the other hand, loss of snowmelt, shrinkage of glaciers and so on will worsen this situation in upcoming years. As estimated by the world water council, the number of affected people will rise to 3.9 billion in the coming decades. 2,3 One of the most promising approaches to alleviate the water shortage, desalination can increase the water supply beyond what is available from the hydrological cycle. 4 Seawater desalination indeed provides an infinite, steady supply of high-quality water that does not harm natural freshwater ecosystems.Seawater comprises a vast supply of water (97.5% of all water on the planet). Thus, the growth of the installation of seawater desalination facilities in the past decade to circumvent water shortage problems in water-stressed countries has progressed quickly. In 2016, the global water production by desalination was estimated to be 38 billion cubic meter per year, that is, two times higher than that in 2008. 5 So far, seawater desalination has been mainly performed via multistage flash distillation and reverse osmosis (RO). 6 Mostly in the arid Persian Gulf countries, desalination plants perform based on heating and then condensing seawater. This kind of desalination plant consumes large amounts of thermal and electric energy, thus emitting greenhouse gases extensively. 7 In addition to this non-economical and non-ecofriendly version of desalination plants, the main type of desalination plants constructed in the past two decades, as well as future planned ones, are based on RO technology (Figure 1). 8

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“…Second, it is well known that GO film has porous structures, which can provide an efficient path for water supply and vapor flow (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Third, the crossplane thermal conductivity of GO film is very low (∼0.2 W/mK) (31,32), beneficial for suppressing the parasitic thermal dissipation. Fourth, GO film is highly foldable and can be naturally attached to cellulose (33,34), so that the water pumped by capillary force within the cellulose can be efficiently transferred to GO film.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene oxide-based efficient and scalable solar desalination under one sun with a confined 2D water path

Tang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,003

735

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Because it is able to produce desalinated water directly using solar energy with minimum carbon footprint, solar steam generation and desalination is considered one of the most important technologies to address the increasingly pressing global water scarcity. Despite tremendous progress in the past few years, efficient solar steam generation and desalination can only be achieved for rather limited water quantity with the assistance of concentrators and thermal insulation, not feasible for large-scale applications. The fundamental paradox is that the conventional design of direct absorber−bulk water contact ensures efficient energy transfer and water supply but also has intrinsic thermal loss through bulk water. Here, enabled by a confined 2D water path, we report an efficient (80% under one-sun illumination) and effective (four orders salinity decrement) solar desalination device. More strikingly, because of minimized heat loss, high efficiency of solar desalination is independent of the water quantity and can be maintained without thermal insulation of the container. A foldable graphene oxide film, fabricated by a scalable process, serves as efficient solar absorbers (>94%), vapor channels, and thermal insulators. With unique structure designs fabricated by scalable processes and high and stable efficiency achieved under normal solar illumination independent of water quantity without any supporting systems, our device represents a concrete step for solar desalination to emerge as a complementary portable and personalized clean water solution.graphene oxide | solar steam | 2D water path | solar desalination | heat localization A s water scarcity (1, 2) becomes one of most pressing global challenges of our time, efficient solar desalination could provide a promising solution to produce clean water directly out of solar energy without extra energy input, particularly urgent for developing countries and remote areas without basic infrastructures (3-5). With rapid development in the past few years (6-16), it is clear that there are two key elements to enable efficient solar desalination: broadband and efficient solar absorption and localized heat management for efficient vapor generation with minimized parasitic thermal loss. So far, significant progress has been made on both of these fronts. Absorbers with various rational designs have been demonstrated with efficient solar absorption (11,14,15). Also, from dispersed particles (6, 7, 16), to porous carbon film (8, 9), to thin metallic absorbers (10,11,14,15), there is a clear trend to confine the absorbed energy in a thinner region for localized heating and more-efficient vapor generation, to minimize dissipated heat to the environment and bulk water. Impressive high-energy transfer efficiency has been achieved, but only for a limited amount of solution, with the assistance of both concentrators and thermal insulation.Efficient and effective solar desalination independent of water quantity under normal one-sun illumination without extra supporting systems will fund...

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Strongly Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity of Free‐Standing Reduced Graphene Oxide Films Annealed at High Temperature

Cited by 492 publications

References 65 publications

Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Free-Standing Films for Thermal Management: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Free-Standing Films for Thermal Management: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Graphene membranes for water desalination

Graphene oxide-based efficient and scalable solar desalination under one sun with a confined 2D water path

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