Strong viral associations with SLE among Filipinos

Vista, Evan S.; Weisman, Michael H.; Ishimori, Mariko; Chen, Hua; Bourn, Rebecka L.; Bruner, B.; Hamijoyo, Laniyati; Tanangunan, Robelle D; Gal, Noga J; Robertson, Julie M.; Harley, John B.; Guthridge, Joel M.; Navarra, Sandra V.; James, Judith A.

doi:10.1136/lupus-2017-000214

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…There were six studies that recruited bone marrow or blood donors [15, 17, 22, 28, 30, 31], which may be considered inappropriate community controls because such donors were selected with unhealthy risk behavior. There were four studies that recruited relatives of patients [8, 23, 35, 36], which are also inappropriate controls as relatives may share the same susceptible genetic factors as patients. Sixteen studies have recruited only seemingly healthy controls, and we observed that nine of these studies found no statistically significant higher EBV IgG sero-prevalence in cases compared with controls [19, 26–29, 34, 37, 41, 42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with Epstein–Barr virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zeng

et al. 2018

Clin Exp Med

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Previous systematic reviews have found a higher sero-prevalence of EBV antibodies in SLE patients compared with controls. Because many studies have been published, there is a need to apply more precise systematic review methods. We examined the association between EBV and SLE patients by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies that examined the prevalence of EBV antibodies and the DNA-positive rate. We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from 1966 to 2018 with no language restrictions. The Mantel–Haenszel odds ratios (OR) for EBV antibody sero-positivity were calculated, and meta-analyses were conducted. Quality assessment was performed using a modified version of the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, and 33 studies were included. Most studies found a higher sero-prevalence of VCA IgG and EA IgG in SLE patients compared with controls. Meta-analysis demonstrated a significantly higher OR for sero-positivity to VCA IgG and EA IgG for SLE cases (2.06 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–3.26, p = 0.002] and 7.70, [95% CI 4.64–12.76, p < 0.001], respectively). The overall OR for the DNA-positive rate for SLE patients compared with controls was 3.86 (95% CI 1.52–9.83, p = 0.005). Other antibodies, i.e., VCA IgA/IgM, EBNA IgA, and EA IgA/IgM, also demonstrated a significant difference between SLE patients and controls. These findings support previous systematic reviews; however, publication bias cannot be excluded. The methodological conduct of studies could be improved, particularly when selecting controls and analyses of laboratory conduct. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10238-018-0535-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with Epstein–Barr virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zeng

et al. 2018

Clin Exp Med

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“…To the best of our knowledge, previous studies have not revealed a clear connection between HSV-2 exposure and prevalence of ANA or anti-dsDNA antibodies. Additionally, the data regarding the prevalence of anti-HSV-2 antibodies in patients with autoimmune diseases such as SLE and multiple sclerosis is conflicting, with some studies finding high prevalence among autoimmune patients 33,34 , and others failing to find any statistical difference 35,36 . The weak inverse correlation between anti-HSV-2 antibodies and ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies that was found in our study may hint that HSV-2 infection prior to the development of autoimmunity constitutes a protective factor.…”

Section: Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalences of autoantibodies and anti-infectious antibodies among Ghana’s healthy population

Katz

Luca

Dzudzor

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Autoantibodies, which are antibodies that target self-epitopes, have considerable diagnostic, prognostic and predictive value in specific autoimmune diseases. Various infectious agents have been linked via numerous mechanisms to the formation of different autoantibodies. Therefore, estimating the prevalence of autoantibodies and anti-infectious antibodies in different populations is of high importance. Different genetic and environmental pressures, such as these found in Ghana's different geographical provinces, may affect the prevalence of autoantibodies. In this study, we assessed the seroprevalence of a diverse panel of autoantibodies and anti-infectious antibodies among the healthy Ghanaian population and investigated possible environmental and genetic predispositions for autoantibodies and autoimmunity. The sera of 406 healthy individuals were obtained from Greater Accra, Upper West, Eastern and Volta regions. Multiplexed assay and chemiluminescent immunoassay techniques were utilized to assess the presence of a panel of autoantibodies and anti-infectious antibodies. We found a high prevalence of anti-HSV-1 IgG (91-100%), anti-EBNA IgG (81-93%) and anti-EBV-VCA IgG (97-100%) antibodies. The prevalence of ANA (at least one of: anti-dsDNA; antichromatin; anti-ribosomal-P; anti-Ro/SSA; anti-La/SSB; anti-centromere B; anti-Sm; anti-Sm/RNP; anti-Scl-70; anti-Jo1; anti-DFS70) was estimated at 14%. An inverse association between anti-HSV-2 antibodies and ANA (p = 0.044; adjusted OR = 0.398; CI [0.162-0.975]) was found, after adjusting for differences in gender, age, and familial history of autoimmune diseases. A trend towards reduced seroprevalence of anti-dsDNA antibodies among subjects who were positive for anti-HSV-2 antibodies was also noted (p = 0.1). In conclusion, the inverse association between anti-HSV-2 antibodies and ANA positivity suggests a possible protective role of HSV-2 infection against autoimmunity.Currently, the etiology of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) is not completely understood. Many variables are thought to play a role in the development of these diseases, including genetic, immunological, hormonal and environmental factors 1 . These various factors and the interactions between them, which constitute the "Mosaic of Autoimmunity", may contribute to autoimmunity by different mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is associated with the loss of self-tolerance 2 .Infectious agents, which are members of the environmental pebble of the mosaic, can induce loss of tolerance through various mechanisms, such as: (1) Epitope spreading, i.e. development of an autoimmune response mediated by autoreactive T-cells and expansion of the auto-reactive B-cell repertoire to endogenous epitopes, following

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“…Identification of a specific viral antigen that induces production of SLE-specific autoantibodies has proven to be difficult as the sera of patients with SLE can often exhibit more than 100 different autoantibodies [28]. Mechanisms responsible for EBV-associated SLE include molecular mimicry, bystander activation, and epitope spreading [29]. Molecular mimicry remains the most well-established method by which EBV infection is known to cause SLE [30].…”

Section: Epstein-barr Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoantibodies in Viral Infections

Sherwani¹,

Khan²,

SulimanAlmogbel³

2019

Autoantibodies and Cytokines

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The immune system's ability to distinguish self from nonself is essential for initiating host defense against microbial antigens and protection of self-antigens from autoimmuneassociated destruction. Virus infections have been implicated in the initiation of multiple human autoimmune diseases. This chapter aims to summarize the main principles for some specific viral infections and the subsequent production of autoantibodies resulting in the initiation, progression, and perpetuation of autoimmune diseases. Various mechanisms by which virus infections can induce autoimmune responses including molecular mimicry and epitope spreading are discussed with respect to these viruses, and evidence implicating virus infections in the pathogenesis of various human autoimmune diseases is reviewed. A better understanding of the viral origin of autoimmune diseases is an important step in the identification of high-risk patients as well as designing prevention and disruption strategies.

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Strong viral associations with SLE among Filipinos

Cited by 29 publications

References 60 publications

The risk of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with Epstein–Barr virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The risk of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with Epstein–Barr virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Seroprevalences of autoantibodies and anti-infectious antibodies among Ghana’s healthy population

Autoantibodies in Viral Infections

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