Strong Quantum Computational Advantage Using a Superconducting Quantum Processor

Wu, Yulin; Bao, Wan-Su; Cao, Shuchao; Chen, Fusheng; Chen, Ming-Cheng; Chen, Xiawei; Chung, Taek‐Mo; Deng, Hui; Du, Yajie; Fan, Daojin; Gong, Ming; Guo, Cheng; Guo, Chu; Guo, Shaojun; Han, Lianchen; Hong, Linyin; Huang, He-Liang; Huo, Yongheng; Li, Liping; Li, Na; Li, Shaowei; Li, Yuan; Liang, Futian; Lin, Chun; Lin, Jin; Qian, Haoran; Qiao, Dan; Rong, Hao; Su, Hong; Sun, Lihua; Wang, Liangyuan; Wang, Shiyu; Wu, Donghui; Xu, Yu; Yan, Kai; Yang, Weifeng; Yang, Yang; Ye, Yangsen; Yin, Jianghan; Ying, Chong; Yu, Jiabing; Zha, Chen; Cha, Zhang; Zhang, Haibin; Zhang, Kaili; Zhang, Yiming; Han, Zhao; Zhao, Youwei; Zhou, Liang; Zhu, Qing–Ling; Lu, Chao‐Yang; Peng, Cheng-Zhi; Zhu, Xiaobo; Pan, Jian-Wei

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.180501

Cited by 724 publications

(414 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Considering the mean photon number values of the signal and decoy states, we proceeded with a numerical optimization in order to provide the possible highest key rates. Specifically, the quantum signal mean value was set to µ = 0.56, the decoy mean value was set to ν = 0.11, and the protocol efficiency was set to about q = 2/5 (signal:decoy:vacuum ratio = 4:1:16, and 1 2 due to the BB84 protocol; Appendix A) [35]. Finally, the bi-direction error correction efficiency f (e) was set to 1.22, corresponding to the CASCADE error correction algorithm [55].…”

Section: System Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation (1) gives the lower bound of the normalized SKR value and was written according to [35]. In this equation, q denotes the protocol efficiency factor, which depends on the implementation and can be calculated as:…”

Section: Appendix a Decoy-state Bb84 Protocol Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where 1 2 occurs due to the selection of the BB84 protocol, since half of the received bit are shifted; N s , N 1 , and N 2 correspond to the numbers of emitted signal, decoy, and vacuum states, respectively; Q 1 and e 1 correspond to the gain and the error rate of the single-photon states, respectively, and are upper bounded and lower bounded according to the following equations:…”

Section: Appendix a Decoy-state Bb84 Protocol Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where η corresponds to the overall link transmittance, e det corresponds to the baseline system error rate and is equal to (1 − V)/2, where V is the detectors interferometer visibility, e 0 corresponds to the error rate of the background noise, e 0 is set to 1 2 by assuming that the background noise is random, and Y 0 corresponds to the chance probability of the detector firing due to dark counts or background noise and is calculated as:…”

Section: Appendix a Decoy-state Bb84 Protocol Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advent of quantum computing may affect classical key cryptography in the next decades, setting a large part of cryptosystems insecure. Quantum computers are constantly gaining computational power with the manipulation of more and more qubits [1], while at the same time Shor's algorithm ensures that today's classical public key algorithms will become obsolete [2]. While data content is constantly becoming more vital and its security is getting compromised more frequently, the need for resilient schemes in cryptography is of high importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LEO Satellites Constellation-to-Ground QKD Links: Greek Quantum Communication Infrastructure Paradigm

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) has gained a lot of attention over the past few years, but the implementation of quantum security applications is still challenging to accomplish with the current technology. Towards a global-scale quantum-secured network, satellite communications seem to be a promising candidate to successfully support the quantum communication infrastructure (QCI) by delivering quantum keys to optical ground terminals. In this research, we examined the feasibility of satellite-to-ground QKD under daylight and nighttime conditions using the decoy-state BB84 QKD protocol. We evaluated its performance on a hypothetical constellation with 10 satellites in sun-synchronous Low Earth Orbit (LEO) that are assumed to communicate over a period of one year with three optical ground stations (OGSs) located in Greece. By taking into account the atmospheric effects of turbulence as well as the background solar radiance, we showed that positive normalized secure key rates (SKRs) up to 3.9×10−4 (bps/pulse) can be obtained, which implies that satellite-to-ground QKD can be feasible for various conditions, under realistic assumptions in an existing infrastructure.

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Section: System Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix a Decoy-state Bb84 Protocol Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix a Decoy-state Bb84 Protocol Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix a Decoy-state Bb84 Protocol Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LEO Satellites Constellation-to-Ground QKD Links: Greek Quantum Communication Infrastructure Paradigm

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Quantum Computing, Qubits with Artificial Intelligence, and Blockchain Technologies

Tyagi,

Mishra,

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et al. 2023

Automated Secure Computing for Next‐Generation Systems

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Modulations in Superconductors: Probes of Underlying Physics

et al. 2023

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development of various modulations techniques, breakthroughs in quantum materials are achieved, such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in topological insulators, [1][2][3][4] gate-tuned roomtemperature ferromagnetism in 2D van der Waals materials, [5][6][7][8] and emergent magnetic monopoles in artificial spin ice. [9] Especially, as the quantum materials of particular interest with zero dissipation, superconductors have been intensively studied with advanced modulations, aiming to reveal a plethora of emergent phenomena in condensed matter physics, such as superconductor-to-insulator transitions (SIT), [10][11][12] intermediate bosonic metallic state, [13] Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC)-Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) crossover, [14,15] and intertwined orders, [16][17][18] as well as to develop applications in quantum computing [19][20][21] and ultrasensitive detections. [22][23][24] The superconductivity composes of two ingredients, including the Cooper pairs, each formed by two electrons, and phase coherence among Cooper pairs. [25] Superconductors such as metals and alloys are in the weak-coupling regime, which is well understood by BCS theory. [26,27] However, the later discovered superconductors, including cuprates, iron-based superconductors, and heavy-fermion superconductors, are strongly correlated systems, where a widely accepted microscopic mechanism yet remains absent. Therefore, various modulations have been utilized for the ultimate understanding of these superconductors and routines for room temperature superconductivity. Traditional modulations, such as elemental substitution, annealing, and polarization-induced gating are usually accompanied by some severe problems, including discontinuity, disorders, and limited ranges. Recently, state-of-the-art techniques have been developed with improved convenience, increased capability, and unprecedented dimensionalities, enabling more thorough investigations of unconventional superconductors.As a manifestation, we take some examples discussed in this review in advance. The carrier density can be tuned more conveniently and continuously. The techniques of ionic field-effect transistor (iFET) and electric double-layer transistor (EDLT) surpass conventional methods limited by solid solubility or dielectric breakdown, which enables the more precise phase diagram and detailed scaling analysis at the quantum phaseThe importance of modulations is elevated to an unprecedented level, due to the delicate conditions required to bring out exotic phenomena in quantum materials, such as topological materials, magnetic materials, and superconductors. Recently, state-of-the-art modulation techniques in material science, such as electric-double-layer transistor, piezoelectric-based strain apparatus, angle twisting, and nanofabrication, have been utilized in superconductors. They not only efficiently increase the tuning capability to the broader ranges but also extend the tuning dimensionality to unprecedented degrees of freedom, including quantum fluctuations of...

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Strong Quantum Computational Advantage Using a Superconducting Quantum Processor

Cited by 724 publications

References 49 publications

LEO Satellites Constellation-to-Ground QKD Links: Greek Quantum Communication Infrastructure Paradigm

LEO Satellites Constellation-to-Ground QKD Links: Greek Quantum Communication Infrastructure Paradigm

Quantum Computing, Qubits with Artificial Intelligence, and Blockchain Technologies

Modulations in Superconductors: Probes of Underlying Physics

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